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4 M’S OF

PRODUCTION
AND BUSINESS
MODEL
4 M’S OF
PRODUCTION
AND BUSINESS
MODEL
An entrepreneurial venture may either be a sole
proprietorship, a partnership, or a corporation, engaged in
merchandising, manufacturing, or service. Nevertheless,
whatever type and nature of business ventures is opened to
exploit different business opportunities, innovation or
creativity defines the distinction between an entrepreneur
and an ordinary business person.
Thus, the concept of innovation or creativity must, in
almost all instances, be introduced and practiced. An
entrepreneur finds way to introduce innovation from the
production process to the marketing stage, while an ordinary
businessperson simply imitates business practices and
procedures.
The concept of innovation or creativity can easily be
practiced and highly noticeable in a manufacturing operation
since raw materials are transformed to finished goods through
the production process. Innovation can be introduced from the
production phase up to packaging and delivery.
The three important elements in the production system
are; the input, the transformation of production process and
the output.
The Input includes the following:
1. Manpower
2. Materials
3. Machine
4. Design
5. Instructions
The Production process, also referred to as the
transformation or conversion process, is the stage of
production where the materials are transformed into the
final product with the aid of manpower and machine.

The output represents the final product from the


production process and distributed to the customers.
4 M’S OF
PRODUCTION
MANPOWER
Manpower talks about human
labor force involved in the
manufacture of products. It is
measured as the most serious and
main factor of production. The
entrepreneur must determine,
attain and match the most
competent and skilled employees
with the jobs at the most
appropriate time period.
MATERIALS
It simply refers to the raw
materials necessary in the
production of a product.
Materials mainly form part of
the finished product. Just in
case the resources are below
standard, the finished product
will unsatisfactory as well.
MACHINE
Machine is about
manufacturing equipment used
in the production of goods or
delivery of services.
METHODS
Method or production method is the process or way of
transforming raw materials to finished products. The
resources undergo some stages before it is finalized and
become set for delivery to the target buyers. The selection
of the method of production is dependent on product to
produce, mode of production, manufacturing equipment
to use and required skills to do the work.
Value chain is a method or
activities by which a company
adds value to an item, with
production, marketing, and the
provision of after-sales
service. The main goal and
benefit of a value chain, and
therefore value chain analysis,
is to make or support a
competitive benefit.

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