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    Marites Ortiz
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    11 views25 pages

    Edited Zhou Dynasty PowerPoint

    Uploaded by

    Marites Ortiz

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism,

    Sikhism, and Zoroastrianism


    Religion is a belief; it has a set of code of
    conduct, principles, ethics and morals to
    follow in one’s life. There are several
    religions in the world. It only means that
    people of the world follow different kinds of
    religion that frame different sets of
    principles, ethics, morals and codes of
    conduct to follow for the people that belong
    to them.
    Philosophy, on the other hand, speaks about
    the realization of the supreme truth. It deals
    with the topic of life after death. It speaks
    about the existence of the soul and life
    hereafter. Philosophy establishes the divine
    nature of man. It questions the absolute
    truth that each soul is potentially divine. This
    is philosophy associated with religion.
    it can be said that religion and philosophy
    are mutually exclusive and they cannot co-
    exist.
    Zhou (Chou) Dynasty
    1076-221 BC
    (pronounced Jo)

    POLITICS
    • Regional feudal states similar
    to Shang
    • Ruled as coordinators rather
    than as a central govt.
    • military force determined
    strength of rulers
    • Conflict led to decline into the
    "Period of the Warring States"
    (403-221 B.C.).
    • Introduced Mandate of Heaven

    Slideshow from www.advancedplacementhistory.com


    Mandate of Heaven
    • Principles:
    – right to rule is granted by Heaven.
    – only one Heaven so only one ruler in China.
    – right to rule depends on the virtue of the ruler.
    • Advantages:
    – It gives the ruler supreme power politically and
    religiously
    – power kept in check by virtue.
    • The Mandate of Heaven justifies rebellion
    as long as the rebellion is successful.
    Virtue is a behavior showing high moral
    standards/kabutihan/kabaitan.
    Start here🡪 A new
    The emperor
    reforms the govt.
    dynasty
    & makes it more
    comes to power.
    efficient.

    Lives of common
    people improved;
    Emperor is
    taxes reduced;
    defeated !!
    farming
    encouraged.

    Rebel bands find The


    strong leader who Problems begin
    unites them.
    Attack the
    Dynastic (extensive wars,
    invasions, etc.)
    emperor.
    Cycle
    Poor lose Taxes increase;
    respect for govt. men forced to
    They join rebels work for army.
    & attack landlords. Farming neglected.

    Droughts, Govt. increases


    floods, spending;
    famines occur. corruption.
    Mandate of Heaven

    •The Mandate of Heaven was


    the Chinese belief that the gods
    picked the emperor to rule but
    the gods could also remove a
    bad emperor from power.

    •The Mandate of Heaven can be


    viewed as the right to rule.
    Economy

    • Iron age
    – stronger and cheaper than bronze
    – weapons strengthened Zhou army
    • catapult
    • creation of China’s first cavalry
    • 90% of peasants lived on farms in family
    compounds
    • new iron tools increased harvest, food
    surpluses
    • Silk was their most important product
    • Roads, canals allowed better
    transportation, communication
    • Introduced coins, use of chopsticks
    • Population grew under Zhou
    • Cities grew in size
    Philosophy (Religion)
    • At the end of the Zhou (403 BC-221BC), China
    disintegrated into “the Warring States period” as
    Zhou leaders lost control and states fought each
    other
    • 100 Schools Movement tried to bring stability to
    China
    • Confucianism
    • Taoism and
    • Legalism
    • Are the resulting philosophies of life and govt
    Basic beliefs
    • Dualism – everything relates to everything
    else and works best when in balance
    (Yin/Yang)
    • Harmony, cooperation, submission to the
    larger group while allowing for individuality
    • Heaven controls life on Earth and life
    passes from parent to child. Because
    each child receives life from its parents it
    makes sense that the child should
    “worship” his or her parents
    Society

    1. Emperor
    2. Regional rulers
    3. Farmers
    4. Slaves
    BUT,
    Confucian ideals changed
    this near the end of the
    Zhou
    Philosophies and Religions of
    China
    • 1. Confucianism – Founded by Confucius
    • He stressed the importance of order to achieve harmony.
    • Confucius believed that if people knew and did what they
    should do, then harmony would occur.
    • Rulers relied on the ideas of Confucianism
    • Confucius developed a philosophy that was concerned
    with ensuring social order and good government

    • 2. Legalism – Official Qin Dynasty policy


    • People are evil in nature, strict laws and violent punishments
    are needed to keep order
    • Feudal rulers used legalism to keep order
    Philosophies and Religion
    3. Daoism – Founder is Lao Tzu
    -was a philosophy that stressed the importance of nature. By living
    naturally, harmony could be achieved.
    - A religion that rejected conflict
    - Emphasized flexibility and yielding
    -Daoist priests contributed to science and medicine

    4. Buddhism – Founder is Siddhartha Gautama


    -Key Beliefs – Escape Suffering & promise of personal salvation
    -According to Buddhism, the goal of Buddhism is to reach
    enlightenment through meditation.
    ⮚Buddhist belief of union with the universe and release from the
    cycle of rebirth is known as nirvana.
    •Factor that helped Buddhism spread through China is Mahayana
    Buddhism offered escape from suffering and the promise of
    achieving salvation.
    SINOCENTRISM
    • China regarded their
    vculture as more superior
    that other culturwa
    • For Chinese, China
    remained the center of
    civilization
    • China is refered to as
    “Middle Kingdom”
    • Neigboring countries are
    regarded as “tributaries of
    China”
    • Those people outside
    China’s borders are
    considered as “barbarians”
    a. Surrounding black portion
    - includes kingdoms around
    the country including Japan

    b. Outer white portion


    - includes the countries
    considered as “Country of
    the Giants”
    c. Last black portion
    - the “Universal Ocean”
    whose extent they cannot
    measure nor describe
    Qin Dynasty
    • Shi Huangdi conquered the Zhou Dynasty
    and abolished feudalism
    • The Qin ruler was the first Chinese ruler to call
    himself emperor.
    • Shi Huangdi was a harsh but strong ruler.
    • He introduced a uniform system of writing.
    • The Chinese were forced to obey his rules.
    • He ordered the execution of people who
    disagreed with him.
    • Shi Huangdi promoted unity, repaired/extended
    roads, and standardized writing, measurements,
    and coins.
    ⮚ Under the rule of Shi Huangdi
    During Qin Dynasty, the Chinese
    began building the Great
    Wall of China.
    ⮚ The Great Wall of China was built
    to protect China from nomadic
    invaders.

    E. Napp
    In your own words, define the
    following based from the discussion)
    3-5 sentences

    1.Philosophy
    2.Religion
    3.Confucianism
    4.Legalism
    5.sinocentrism

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