Urban mobility

DELHI

BY
ATTAL THAPA
NITHIN K
CHINNU KR
BHOOMAN PRADEEP
INTRODUCTION
 Delhi's public transit system has a diverse selection of
transportation options and an easy-to-use multimodal app to
navigate across the system.
 Delhi is a leader among its peers in mobility-related
spending, notably with government investments in electric
vehicle (EV) charging stations and incentives for EV
purchases and usage.
 With rapid urbanization and population growth, Delhi
grapples with perennial challenges such as traffic congestion,
air pollution, and inadequate infrastructure. Yet, amidst these
challenges, there are also opportunities for innovation and
transformation as the city strives to create more sustainable,
equitable, and efficient mobility solutions.
CURRENT SITUATION
 However, challenges persist, particularly in last-mile connectivity and accessibility for
differently-abled individuals. Initiatives like bike-sharing programs and dedicated pedestrian
zones aim to address these gaps, promoting healthier and more sustainable modes of travel
while reducing reliance on cars. They are dealing with the challenges including air pollution,
mass exploitation in urban areas.
 Moreover, the rise of app-based taxi services like Ola and Uber has transformed the city's
transportation landscape, offering convenient alternatives to traditional taxis and auto-
rickshaws. Yet, issues related to surge pricing and regulatory compliance occasionally spark
debates about their impact on the overall mobility ecosystem.
 effective implementation and integration of these initiatives remain key challenges, requiring
coordinated efforts from policymakers, urban planners, and citizens alike. As Delhi continues
to grow and evolve, finding holistic solutions to its mobility needs will be essential for
fostering a more livable and sustainable city for all its residents .
Needs and opportunities
The urban mobility needs and opportunities in Delhi are diverse and
multifaceted, reflecting the complex dynamics of a rapidly growing and evolving
metropolis. Delhi can create a more resilient and livable urban environment that
meets the mobility needs of its diverse population. Some of the key needs
include:
1. Efficient public transportation
2. Integrated transport planning
3. Addressing traffic congestion
4. Air quality and pollution control
5. Accessibility and Inclusivity
6. Safety and Security
7. Technology integration
Efficient public transportation
 Delhi requires a robust and efficient public transportation
system to cater to its vast population and mitigate traffic
congestion. This includes expanding the reach and capacity of
the Delhi Metro, enhancing bus services, and improving last-
mile connectivity to ensure seamless and convenient mobility
options for commuters.
 Delhi Metro: The Delhi Metro is the backbone of the city's
public transportation network, covering a vast expanse of the
National Capital Region (NCR). With multiple lines and
stations, the metro system provides fast, reliable, and
comfortable travel for millions of commuters daily.
Continuous expansion efforts, such as new lines and
extensions, aim to further enhance connectivity and reduce
travel times across the city.
Integrated transport planning
 There's a need for integrated transport planning that prioritizes
connectivity, accessibility, and sustainability. Coordinating
various modes of transport, such as metro, buses, cycling
infrastructure, and pedestrian pathways, is essential to create a
holistic and efficient urban mobility network.
 Multimodal Connectivity: Integrated transport planning seeks to
create seamless connections between different modes of
transport, including public transit (such as buses, metro, trains,
and trams), cycling and pedestrian infrastructure, and private
vehicles. This involves designing intermodal hubs, transit-
oriented developments (TODs), and pedestrian-friendly urban
environments where commuters can easily transfer between
modes of transport.
Addressing Traffic congestion
 Traffic congestion management in Delhi is a multifaceted
challenge that requires comprehensive strategies aimed at
improving traffic flow, reducing travel times, and mitigating
the negative impacts of congestion on air quality and quality
of life.
 Upgrading road infrastructure, including widening roads,
constructing flyovers and underpasses, and optimizing signal
timings, is essential for easing traffic congestion in congested
corridors. Improving road geometry, signage, and lane
markings can also enhance traffic flow and safety.
 Public Transportation Expansion: Expanding and improving
public transportation options, such as the Delhi Metro, buses,
and suburban rail networks, can help reduce reliance on
private vehicles and alleviate congestion on roadways.
Air quality and pollution control
 Delhi's air quality remains a significant concern, with
vehicular emissions being a major contributor to pollution
levels. Encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles,
promoting cleaner fuels, and implementing emission
control measures are necessary to improve air quality and
safeguard public health.
 Promoting green mobility initiatives, such as carpooling,
ride-sharing, and shared mobility services, can help reduce
the overall number of vehicles on the road and lower
emissions per capita.
 Encouraging walking and cycling as viable modes of
transport can further reduce reliance on motor vehicles and
contribute to improved air quality.
Accessibility and inclusivity
 Ensuring accessibility for all residents, including the elderly,
differently-abled individuals, and low-income communities,
is essential for creating a more inclusive transportation
system. This involves providing barrier-free infrastructure,
accessible vehicles, and affordable transport options tailored
to the needs of diverse user groups.
 Implementing fare subsidy programs, discounted passes for
low-income individuals, and free or reduced-cost
transportation services for people with disabilities can help
address financial barriers to mobility and ensure that
transportation remains accessible to all residents.
 Providing training and sensitization programs for
transportation staff, drivers, and service providers is essential
for promoting inclusive and respectful interactions with
passengers with disabilities and other special needs.
Safety and security
 Safety and security in urban mobility are paramount for
ensuring the well-being and confidence of commuters in
Delhi's transportation system.
 Installing surveillance cameras and security systems in
transportation facilities, such as metro stations, bus stops,
and railway stations, can help deter criminal activity and
enhance passenger safety.
 Implementing measures such as security patrols,
emergency call boxes, and visible signage can also help
reassure passengers and deter potential threats.
 Public awareness campaigns, safety workshops, and
educational materials can help raise awareness about safety
and security issues and promote responsible behavior
among commuters.
Delhi Master plan - 2041
 The draft MPD-41 proposes to set up a data-sharing
protocol among implementing agencies and a dedicated web
portal to upload data pertaining to each key performance
index to make it accessible to monitoring agencies.
 The plan also proposes a dedicated plan monitoring and
review unit comprising professionals to provide support such
as developing a database, preparing annual review reports,
managing Geographic Information System (GIS) database
with real-time inputs, online citizen portal, conduct and
commission studies to evaluate trends and challenges, and
give technical support to the apex review committee.
 New mechanism The draft MPD-41 has also proposed an
outcome-based framework, tracking of objectives through 20
key performance indicators (KPIs) and devising a liveability
index for assessing the overall progress on these indicators.
Key aspects
Here's a detailed explanation of the key aspects of the Master Plan for Delhi 2041:
 Vision and Objectives: The master plan begins by establishing a long-term vision for Delhi as a
sustainable, inclusive, and vibrant metropolis that offers a high quality of life for its residents. It sets
forth clear objectives related to urban growth, infrastructure development, environmental
conservation, social equity, economic prosperity, and governance.
 Spatial Planning: The plan delineates the spatial framework for the city's development, including
land use zoning, transportation networks, green spaces, and infrastructure corridors. It identifies areas
for urban expansion, redevelopment, and conservation, taking into account factors such as population
growth, economic activities, environmental sensitivity, and heritage preservation.
 Land Use Zoning: The master plan delineates different land use zones within the city, such as
residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, recreational, and green spaces. It specifies the
permissible activities, building densities, height regulations, and development controls for each zone
to ensure orderly growth and efficient land utilization.
 Social Infrastructure: Detailed planning for social infrastructure entails identifying
the location and design of social amenities, such as schools, healthcare facilities,
community centers, parks, playgrounds, and cultural institutions, to meet the needs
of the growing population. It involves integrating social infrastructure with
residential neighborhoods, commercial hubs, and transportation nodes to enhance
accessibility and inclusivity.
 Implementation Mechanisms: Detailed planning also includes defining clear
implementation mechanisms, timelines, responsibilities, and monitoring frameworks
for translating the master plan's goals and strategies into actionable projects and
programs. It involves coordination between government agencies, private sector
partners, civil society organizations, and community stakeholders to ensure effective
implementation and compliance with regulatory requirements.
Delhi Metro
 The Delhi Metro is a mass rapid transit system which
serves Delhi and its adjoining satellite cities, such
as Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurugram, Noida and Bahadurgarh,
in the National Capital Region of India.
 The system consists of serving 256 stations, with a total length
of 350.42 kilometers (217.74 mi). It is India's largest and
busiest metro rail system and the second-oldest, after
the Kolkata Metro.
 The metro has a mix of underground, at-grade, and elevated
stations using broad-gauge and standard-gauge tracks. The
metro makes over 4,300 trips daily.
 we will take a closer look at how the Delhi Metro has
revolutionized urban transport in the city.
 The metro also has a dedicated lane, which means that it is not
affected by traffic jams, roadblocks, or other hindrances.
 Eco-Friendly: The Delhi Metro is an eco-friendly mode of transport that uses clean energy to
power its trains. The trains are powered by electricity generated by solar power plants,
reducing the carbon footprint of the city. The Delhi Metro has also reduced air pollution levels
in the city, making it a healthier place to live in.
 Employment Opportunities: The Delhi Metro has created employment opportunities for
thousands of people, including engineers, technicians, and other support staff. The Delhi
Metro has also boosted the economy of the city, contributing to overall development.
 Future Plans: The Delhi Metro has ambitious plans to expand its network to other parts of the
city and neighboring areas. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has proposed six new corridors
that will add another 300 kilometers to the existing network. These plans will make the Delhi
Metro even more accessible, reducing travel time and boosting the real estate sector in these
areas.
In conclusion, the Delhi Metro has been a game-changer for the city of Delhi. It has transformed
urban transport, making it faster, more efficient, and more eco-friendly. The Delhi Metro has also
had a positive impact on the real estate sector and the city's economy, contributing to overall
development.
Policies
Several policies have been implemented in Delhi to address urban mobility challenges and
promote sustainable transportation solutions. Here are some of the key policies:
 Integrated Public Transport Policy: This policy aims to improve the efficiency and
accessibility of public transportation in Delhi by integrating different modes of transport
such as buses, metro, auto-rickshaws, and cycle rickshaws. It focuses on enhancing
connectivity, frequency, and reliability of public transit services to encourage more people to
use public transport.
 Electric Vehicle Policy: The Delhi Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy aims to promote the adoption
of electric vehicles to reduce air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. It includes
incentives such as subsidies, tax exemptions, and charging infrastructure subsidies to
encourage the purchase and use of electric vehicles by residents and businesses.
 dd-Even Scheme: The Odd-Even Scheme is a temporary traffic rationing measure
implemented during periods of high air pollution to reduce vehicular emissions. Under this
scheme, vehicles with odd and even-numbered license plates are allowed to ply on alternate
days, thereby reducing traffic congestion and air pollution levels.
Stakeholders
The stakeholders in urban mobility in Delhi include are Government Agencies, Transportation
Authorities, Private Sector, Civil Society Organizations, Academic and Research Institutions,
Residents and Commuters, International Organizations and Donors.
 Invest in, design, and construct transportation infrastructure projects.
 Provide technology solutions for mobility management, including traffic management
systems, ride-hailing apps, and mobility-as-a-service platforms.
 Operate transportation services such as taxi fleets, bike-sharing programs, and micro-
mobility solutions.
 Manufacture vehicles, equipment, and components for public transit systems.
 Innovate and develop new mobility solutions to address emerging challenges.
 Raise awareness about urban mobility issues and promote public engagement.
 Conduct research, analysis, and policy recommendations on transportation-related topics.
challenges
 The growing use of personal cars and motorbikes has worsened Delhi’s air quality and
traffic safety. The city is investing in public transit to attract more riders. An expansion of
the metro to increase its length by nearly a third, to 457 kilometers (284 miles), is due to
come into service starting in 2025.
 A combination of hot, rainy weather and a lack of dedicated cycling infrastructure makes
Delhi a challenging city for cyclists. Recent efforts to upgrade the infrastructure focused
on connecting neighborhoods with commercial centers.
 Delhi has lost the air quality gains of its first generation actions through public transport
buses and three wheelers to natural gas, relocation of polluting industries and
improvement in emissions.
 Reduced private vehicle usage and shift towards public transport will yield dual benefits
of reduced emissions and lower congestion. Use of non- motorized transport (NMT)
should also be encouraged. 60% of the trips in Delhi are less than 4 kms, which is the
ideal distance for NMT. However, only about 40% of the trips are actually undertaken.
Solutions
 Investment in Public Transportation: Expand and improve the metro network, bus
services, and other forms of public transit to provide reliable, affordable, and accessible
options for commuters.
 This includes increasing the frequency of services, extending coverage to underserved
areas, and enhancing connectivity between different modes of transportation.
 Promotion of Non-Motorized Transport: Create dedicated cycling lanes, pedestrian-
friendly infrastructure, and safe walking paths to encourage walking and cycling as
viable modes of transportation. Implement bike-sharing schemes and provide facilities
such as bike racks and parking to support active mobility options.
 Integration of Transportation Modes: Develop seamless intermodal connectivity between
different modes of transportation, including metro, buses, cycling, and walking, to
facilitate convenient and efficient travel for commuters. Improve last-mile connectivity
through feeder services and shared mobility options.
Summary
Urban mobility in Delhi faces numerous challenges, including traffic congestion, air pollution,
inadequate public transportation, and safety concerns. The city's rapid population growth and
increasing vehicle ownership exacerbate these problems, necessitating comprehensive solutions.
To address these challenges, stakeholders in Delhi are focusing on expanding and improving
public transit, such as the metro system and bus networks, to provide efficient alternatives to
private vehicles. Additionally, efforts are underway to enhance last-mile connectivity, promote
non-motorized transport modes like cycling and walking, and integrate technology for better
traffic management. Policies targeting electric and shared mobility, urban planning and design,
traffic management, and public awareness are also being implemented to create a more sustainable
and inclusive urban mobility system. Despite these efforts, effective coordination, investment, and
policy implementation remain crucial for achieving the vision of a livable, accessible, and
environmentally sustainable transportation system in Delhi.
THANK YOU