The document discusses the referral system in healthcare. It defines referral and explains the principles and steps in the referral process. It describes different levels of healthcare facilities from primary to central hospitals and the referral process between them. The document also discusses barriers to referral and services provided by referral hospitals.
The document discusses the referral system in healthcare. It defines referral and explains the principles and steps in the referral process. It describes different levels of healthcare facilities from primary to central hospitals and the referral process between them. The document also discusses barriers to referral and services provided by referral hospitals.
The document discusses the referral system in healthcare. It defines referral and explains the principles and steps in the referral process. It describes different levels of healthcare facilities from primary to central hospitals and the referral process between them. The document also discusses barriers to referral and services provided by referral hospitals.
The document discusses the referral system in healthcare. It defines referral and explains the principles and steps in the referral process. It describes different levels of healthcare facilities from primary to central hospitals and the referral process between them. The document also discusses barriers to referral and services provided by referral hospitals.
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REFERRAL
SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY: NEHA PUROHIT REFERRAL SYSTEM
Definition:
“ Referral is a process of directing someone to another
source of assistance. Referral is the act or instance of sending or directing someone for treatment, aid, information or a decision”. REFERRAL AND THE CONTINUUM OF CARE
• Referral can be an important tool in ensuring a
continuum of care for clients by helping them to access all the relevant services available to address their physical, psychological and social needs. PRINCIPLES • The referral should meet the needs and objectives of the clients and should be necessary and appropriate. • The client should be able to use the referral in an efficient, effective manner. • The referral should be timely. • The referral should be coordinated with other activities. • The referred should have the right to refuse the referral. THE NURSE SHOULD BE AWARE OF • Address and telephone number of the client. • Client’s age, sex and marital status. • Name of family members. • Source of medical care and health history. • Financial status and records. • Reasons for seeking referral. THE BASIC STEPS OF THE REFERRAL PROCESS
• Establish a working relationship with the client.
• Define the need for referral. • Set objectives for the referral. • Explore resource availability. • Client decides to use or not use referral. • Facilities and follow up. REFERRAL SYSTEM: LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE
• LEVEL 1 : Primary Health Care Clinic
• A Primary Health Care Clinic is the first step in the provision of health care and offers services such as immunization, family planning, anti-natal care, treatment of common diseases, treatment and management of Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS counselling, and other services. • If the clinic cannot assist the client will be referred to Community Health Centre. COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE CENTRE • A Community Health Care Centre is the second step in the provision of health care but can also be used for first contact care. • A Community Health Care Centre offers similar services to Primary Health Care Clinic with the addition of 24 hours maternity service, emergency care and casualty and short stay wards. • The Community Health Care Centre will refer the client to the District Hospital when necessary. DISTRICT HOSPITAL • This is the third step in the provision of health care. • These hospitals will normally receive referral from and provide generalist support to community health centres and clinics such as diagnostic, treatment, care, counselling and rehabilitation services. • Clinical services include Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Out-Patients Department, Medicine, Paediatrics, Mental Health, Geriatrics, Casualty and Clinical Forensic Medical Services amongst other services. • These hospitals receive referrals from the Community Health Centres. LEVEL 2 - Regional hospital • This is the second level of health care. • These hospitals will normally receive referral from and provide specialist support to a number of district hospitals. • If the Regional Hospital cannot help they will refer to the Provincial Tertiary Hospital. LEVEL 3 - Provincial Tertiary Hospital • These hospitals will receive referral from and provide sub-specialist support to a number of regional hospitals and is the third level of health care. • These hospitals are staffed by specialists and offer services such as neurosurgery, neurology, Plastic & reconstructive surgery, Cardiology, Urology, Paediatric surgery, Psychiatry, Occupational health and Orthopaedics amongst other services. • If a Provincial Tertiary Hospital cannot help they will refer to a National Central Hospital. LEVEL 4 - Central Hospitals • The fourth and highest level of health care is Central hospitals. • These hospitals will consist of very highly specialised referral units which together provide an environment for multi-specialty clinical services, innovation and research. • People are referred to these hospitals by Provincial Tertiary Hospitals. BARRIERS TO REFERRAL PROCESS • Resource barriers, • Attitude of health care professionals, • Physical accessibility of resources, • Cost of resources, • Client barriers, lack of knowledge about available resources lack of understanding regarding need for referral client, cultural factors, finances Accessibility. Referral Hospitals in Health Care
• Referral hospitals include secondary and tertiary-level
hospitals designed to provide specialized care to patients referred from lower levels of the health system. Specialist services in secondary (regional) hospitals
• Internal medicine. • General surgery, including emergency care. • Obstetrics and gynaecology. • Paediatrics; and Other specialties, such as mental health care, depending on the pattern of medical practice in the country. Tertiary hospital services • Full intensive care unit; • Specialized burns, intensive care unit; • Specialized diagnostics, such as CT scans and MRIs (advanced medical imaging technologies); • Specialized surgery such as neurosurgery; • Other medical specialties such as gastroenterology or oncology. The Role of Referral Hospitals • Offering Advice and Support to Lower-Level Health Facilities. • Providing quality assurance and improvement.
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