Kangaroo Mother Care

KANGAROO MOTHER CARE
Presented by: Aaqib Mushtaq (Msc Nursing 1st year Rajiv Gandhi
college of Nursing Jammu)
Introduction
•Kangaroo mother care (KMC ) is a special way of caring for low
birth weight babies it improves their health and well being by
promoting effective thermal control, breastfeeding infection
prevention and bonding
•In kangaroo Mother care, the baby is continuously kept in skin to
skin contact with the mother and is breastfeed exclusively
•KMC is a powerful and easy to use method to promote the health and
well being of LBW infants with birth weight below 2500g
•Preterm infants – infants with gestational age less than 37 weeks and
38 weeks
Definition
• Kangaroo mother care (KMC) refers to the
practice of providing continuous skin to skin
contact between mother and baby , exclusive
breastfeeding and early discharge from hospital .
Components
• 1.Kangaroo position ; skin to skin contact
• Skin to skin between mother and the baby , in strict vertical
position between the mothers breast and under the clothes is
known as kangaroo position . Mother serves a source of warmth
and stimulation. the baby’s temperature is maintained within
normal values due to heat transfer from mothers body
• 2.Kangaroo nutrition exclusive breastfeeding
• KMC is an important way of maintaining lactation .KMC increases
breast milk production , duration and rate of exclusive
breastfeeding it also increases the competency of mother to
breastfeed.
• 3.Early discharge and regular follow up
• Babies in KMC are discharged from hospital early and counselled
to come for regular follow up . KMC is continued at home after
early discharge from the hospital.
HISTORY
• This method of care was introduced and
popularized by Dr Edger Rey in 1978. it was then
developed by Dr Martinez and Dr Charpak .
• It was developed because large number no of
LBW and preterm infants were delivered because
of :
• Poor antenatal care attendance
• High incidence of infections and anaemia during
pregnancy
• Shortage of staff and inadequate equipment
BENEFITS
KMC is a low cost method of care of Low birth weight infants and it is significantly
decreases neonatal morbidity and mortality
1. Benefits to the baby
Prolonged skin to skin contact between the mother and her pre term LBW baby
provides effective thermal control with a reduced risk hypothermia
KMC facilitates physiological stability in baby
KMC reduces apnea, oxygen requirements and risk of infections to the baby
2. Benefits to mother
as the mother is more actively involved in the care o her baby , she is more relaxed and
satisfied
KMC promotes better mother infant bonding
Mothers are less stressed during Kangaroo care as compared with a baby kept in
incubator
3. Benefits to family
KMC is economical to the family
KMC facilitates bonding between the baby mother and other family members
KMC promotes early discharge of baby which is beneficial to the family
Eligibility criteria
• For baby :
• All stable LBW babies are eligible for KMC , it is particularly useful for caring LBW
infants weighing 2000g
• In a stable baby , KMC can be initiated soon after birth
• Sick LBW infants may take a few days to initiate KMC so the sick baby needs
transfer to proper facility immediately
• KMC can be initiated who is otherwise stable but may still be on iv fluid therapy ,
tube feeding and or oxygen therapy
• For mothers :
• All mothers can provide KMC irrespective of age, parity, education, culture and
religion.
• Mother should be free of serious illness and able to take adequate diet and
supplements recommended by her doctor.
• She must be willing to provide KMC to her baby.
• She should maintain good hygiene, daily bath/sponge, change of clothes, hand
hygiene, short and clean finger nails, etc.
• She should have supportive family and community to be encouraged to continue
KMC to her baby.
Procedure
• 1. Preparation for KMC
• When the baby is ready for KMC, mother and family members should be counselled
as that a positive attitude is created for KMC.
• Mother should be provided with a front-open gown or any front open light dress that
canretain the baby for extended period of time.
• Baby is dressed with cap, socks, nappy and front open sleeveless shirt,
• 2. a) Kangaroo positioning
• Baby should be placed between the mother's breasts in an upright position,
• Baby's head should be turned to one side and in a slightly extended position .This
slightly extended head position keeps the airway open and allows eye to contact
between the mother and her baby.
• Hips should be flexed and abducted in a "frog position", the arms should also be flexed
• Baby's abdomen should be at the level of mother's epigastrium. Mothers' breath
stimulates the baby thus reducing the occurrence of apnea.
• (b) Monitoring
• BabIes receiving KMC should be monitored carefully especially in initial stages . baby
should be monitored for neck position , airway clearance , regular breathing body
color and temperature .
Continue
• (C)Feeding
• Mother should be explained how to breast feed
while the baby is in KMC position . Holding the
baby near the breast stimulates milk production ,
she can also express this milk while the baby still
in KMC position
• (d) Privacy
• KMC unavoidably requires some exposure on the
part of mother. the hospital staff or family
members should be respect the mothers
sensitivities in this regard.
Duration
• Skin-to-skin contact should start gradually in
nursery with a smooth transition from
conventional care to continuous KMC
• Sessions that last less than one hour should be
avoided because frequent handling may be
stressful for baby
• The length of skin-to-skin contact should be
gradually increased up to 24 hours a day.
• KMC should be continued at home.
Discharge
• The standard policy of the unit for discharge from
the hospital should be followed. Generally the
following criteria should be used for discharging
the baby from the hospital:
• When baby's general health is good and there is
no evidence of infection.
• Baby is feeding well.
• Baby's weight gain is at least 15-20 gm/kg/day for
at least 3 days
• Baby is maintaining body temperature
• Mother can continue KMC at home

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