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ADHD

Uploaded by

NARUTO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Attention-Deficit/

Hyperactivity Disorder

KUNWAR ANKIT YADAV


GROUP 2
SEMESTER 9
ADHD
 ADHD is a developmental disorder associated with an ongoing pattern of inattention,
hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity
 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders

 ADHD begins in childhood and can continue into the teen years and adulthood.
 It affects 5–8% of children, mostly boys, and often lasts into adulthood.
Sign/Symptoms
 Symptoms of ADHD are not the same among all children. The condition can range from mostly
poor attention to mostly hyperactivity and impulsivity or a combination of both.

 Inattention—having difficulty paying attention


 Hyperactivity—having too much energy or moving and talking too much
 Impulsivity—acting without thinking or having difficulty with self-control
Signs of inattention
 Not paying close attention to details or making seemingly careless mistakes in schoolwork or
during other activities
 Difficulty sustaining attention in play and tasks, including conversations, tests, or lengthy
assignments
 Trouble listening closely when spoken to directly
 Avoiding tasks that require sustained mental effort, such as homework
 Being easily distracted by unrelated thoughts or stimuli
Signs of hyperactivity and impulsivity(MC)
 Fidgeting and squirming while seated
 Getting up and moving around when expected to stay seated, such as in a classroom
 Running, dashing around, or climbing at inappropriate times or, in teens, often feeling restless
 Being unable to play or engage in hobbies quietly
 Answering questions before they are fully asked or finishing other people’s sentences
 start using other people’s things without permission
Causes
 Exact causes of ADHD are not clear.

 Some factors may possibly have a role,


1. genetics – ADHD can run in families
2. having a significant traumatic experience as a child
3. being born prematurely
4. brain injury
5. exposure to environmental toxins, such as high levels of lead, at a young age
6. the mother smoking, using alcohol or having extreme stress during pregnancy, or being exposed
to lead during pregnancy
Diagnosis
 To be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must have been present before the age of 12

 Children up to age 16 are diagnosed with ADHD if they have had at least six persistent
symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity present for at least 6 months.

 Symptoms must be present in two or more settings and interfere with the quality of social or
school functioning
 Stress, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and other physical conditions or illnesses can
cause similar symptoms to those of ADHD

 Use standardized behavior rating scales or ADHD symptom checklists to determine whether a
child or teen meets the criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD.

 Administer psychological tests that look at working memory, executive functioning (abilities
such as planning and decision-making), visual and spatial skills, or reasoning skills. Such tests
can help detect psychological or cognitive strengths and challenges as well as identify or rule
out possible learning disabilities.
Treatment
 ADHD cannot be cured so that it stops completely, but treatment can help to control the
symptoms

 ADHD is commonly treated with medication, education or training, therapy, or a combination


of treatments.
Medication
 Stimulants are the most common type
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)-increasing activity in the brain
Amphetamine
 Nonstimulant medications
Atomoxetine (Strattera), is a norepinephrine modulator
Clonidine and Guanfacine are alpha agonists

 antidepressants to treat children with ADHD, although the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) has not approved these medications specifically for treating ADHD
Psychotherapy and Psychosocial Interventions
 Behavioral therapy-
 aims to help a person change their behavior. It might involve practical assistance, such as help
organizing tasks or completing schoolwork, learning social skills, or monitoring one’s own
behavior and receiving praise or rewards for acting in a desired way.

 Cognitive behavioral therapy


 helps a person to become more aware of attention and concentration challenges and to work on
skills to improve focus.
 Family and marital therapy
 can help family members learn how to handle disruptive behaviors, encourage behavior
changes, and improve interactions with children.
Help your child with ADHD
 Make a schedule for all activities, from wakeup time to bedtime, and try to follow the same
routine every day.

 Organize your home

 When you ask your child to do something, give them simple, clear and consistent instructions.
Stand near them, look at them and tell them slowly and calmly what you want them to do – do
not shout across the room.
 Break any task, like doing homework or sitting at the dining table, into smaller timespans such
as 15–20 minutes

 Look for good behaviour and praise it. Children with ADHD often receive and expect criticism.

 Be careful about your child’s diet; some food additives and colouring may make their
symptoms worse.
 Children with ADHD usually respond well to positive reinforcement. Rewarding or reinforcing
a new good behaviour every time it occurs can encourage positive new habits.

 Praise and reward the child for every little bit of progress they make
SOURCES
 WIKIPEDIA
 W.H.O.
 https://www.cdc.gov/
 https://www.nhs.uk/

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