Gen. Chem. (Mole-Mass Relationship)

CHAPTER 7
LESSON 2
Prepared By: Group 3

MOTIVATIONAL QOUTE
Although rainbows are rare, when they do appear

it will be a euphoric epiphany. Try to be a
rainbow in anyone’s cloud.
PENICILLIN
Like anyone eager to go on vacation, Alexander Fleming left a pile of dirty petri dishes stacked up at his
workstation before he left town. When he returned after two weeks from holiday on September 3, 1928, he
began sorting through them to see if any could be salvaged, discovering most had been contaminated--as you
might expect would happen in a bacteria lab in a hospital. As has been well-documented in history books and on
the Nobel Prize website, Fleming dumped most of the dishes in a vat of Lysol. But when he got to a dish
containing staphylococcus, something odd caught his eye. The dish was covered in colonies of bacteria, except
in one area where a blob of mold was growing. Around the mold was an area free of bacteria, as if the mold had
blocked the bacteria from spreading. He realized it could be used to kill a wide range of bacteria--and penicillin
was identified that made from Penicillium notatum, for a decade after, he focused instead on penicillin’s
potential use as a topical antiseptic for wounds and surface infections and as a means of isolating certain
bacteria in laboratory cultures. It was in the year 1940 when penicillin could be used as a therapeutic agent to
fight a large number of bacterial diseases.If Alexander Fleming's mother were around, we all might be a lot
sicker. From that minor act of scientific sloppiness, we got one of the most widely used antibiotics today.
MOLE-MASS
RELATIONSHIP
In section 6, we defined a mole, Avogadro’s number, and
molar mass. From the definitions, we can write
relationships:
 EXAMPLE:
1mol Li ≈ (is equivalent to) 6.94g Li ≈ 6.02x10 23 Li atoms

23
1mol NH3 ≈ 17.03 g NH3 ≈ 6.02x10 NH3 molecules
23
1mol MgBr ≈ 184.11g MgBr2 ≈ 6.02x10 MgBr2 formula units
This relationship supply the conversion factors among mass in grams,

amount in moles, and the number of representative particles.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Calculate (a) the mass in grams of 1.25 – mol Li and (b) the number of
moles of NH3 in a 345 – g sample of the gas.
a.Lithium has a molar mass of 6.94 g/mol. You are given 0.125 mol Li and
asked to compute for the mass. First, determine the relationship between
mole and mass in the previous example:
23
1mol Li = 6.94 g Li 6.02x10 Li atoms
The relationship to be used as conversion factor is 1mol Li = 6.94 g Li,

or the molar mass of lithium. Then, set up the equation as follows:
g Li = 1.25 mol Li = 8.68 g Li
b. Ammonia ( NH3 ) ids a molecular compound; hence, the molar mass is
determined from its formula. The relationship is given in the example;
23
1mol NH3 ≈ 17.03 g NH3 ≈ 6.02x10 NH3 molecules
The relationship to be used as conversion factors is 1mol NH 3 ≈ 17.03 g

NH3 or the molar mass of ammonia. Hence the equation is:
mol NH3 = 245 g NH3 = 20.3 mol NH3

Therefore, the molar mass of an element or compound is used to convert
the mass of a substance to the substance’s amount in moles.
To convert mass the moles, the general equation is:
moles = mass (grams) ×
To convert moles to mass, the general equation is:
mass (grams) = number of moles

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Gold is one of the coinage metal ( copper, silver, and gold). How many
atoms of gold. (Au are in a pure gold nugget having a mass of 34.0 g?
Given: unknown
mass = 34.0 g Au number of atoms Au =?
molar mass Au = 196.97 g / mol Au
Use the molar mass of Au as conversion factor:
mole Au = mass Au ×
= 34.0 Au ×
Multiply the calculated number of moles of gold by Avogadro’s number of
conversion factor.
atoms Au = moles Au ×
= 0.176 mol Au ×
Likewise, when the number of atom of elements is given, the mass of the
element can be calculated, as shown in the following sample problem.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Helium is an unreactive noble gas that is used to inflate balloons. A party

balloon contains 3.33 atoms of helium (HE) gas. Find the mass in grams of
helium.
Known: unknown:
number of atoms ≈ 3.33×1022 mass He in grams = ?

molar mass He ≈ 4.00 g / mol He
Use the inverse of Avogadro’s number as conversion factor.

moles He = atoms He ×
= 3.33×1023 atoms He ×
Multiply the calculated number of moles of helium by molar mass as
conversion factor.
mass He = moles He ×
= 0.5532 mol He ×

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CHAPTER 7

Prepared By: Group 3

Although rainbows are rare, when they do appear

1mol Li ≈ (is equivalent to) 6.94g Li ≈ 6.02x10 23 Li atoms

This relationship supply the conversion factors among mass in grams,

The relationship to be used as conversion factor is 1mol Li = 6.94 g Li,

The relationship to be used as conversion factors is 1mol NH 3 ≈ 17.03 g

mol NH3 = 245 g NH3 = 20.3 mol NH3

To convert mass the moles, the general equation is:

moles = mass (grams) ×

To convert moles to mass, the general equation is:

mass (grams) = number of moles

Use the molar mass of Au as conversion factor:

Helium is an unreactive noble gas that is used to inflate balloons. A party

number of atoms ≈ 3.33×1022 mass He in grams = ?

Use the inverse of Avogadro’s number as conversion factor.

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