Presentation On CMM

PRESENTATION ON CMM
BY DAVINDER KUMAR CONDUCTED BY Dr.THOMAS TIEN-I LIU ME-238
INDEX
Introduction Types of CMM Parts of CMM Uses of CMM Features of CMM Brief description CMM Operation Programming And Data Analysis New probing System Conclusion Questions
Coordinate Measuring Machine Introduction

This is one of the most important type of sensor technology for automated inspection This is contact type inspection method It is a device for measuring the physical geometrical characteristics of an object This machine may be manually controlled by an operator or it may be computer controlled
Introduction Page 2
Measurements are defined by a probe attached to the third moving axis of this machine Probes may be mechanical, optical, laser, or white light, among others.
Types of CMM
Manual control Manual computer- assisted Motorized computer assisted Direct computer control
Technical details Parts

Coordinate-measuring machines include three main components: The main structure which include three axes of motion Probing system Data collection and Reduction system typically includes a machine controller, desktop computer and application software.
Uses
They are often used for: Dimensional measurement Profile measurement Angularity or orientation measurement Depth mapping Digitizing or imaging Shaft measurement
Featuers
They are offered with features like: Crash protection Offline programming Reverse engineering Shop floor suitability SPC software and temperature compensation. CAD Model import capability Compliance with the DMIS standard Controller compatibility
Brief Description
The coordinate measuring machine ranges from small highly accurate machines used for small to average sized parts, such as gears or bearing races, to large machines that can measure automobile bodies. One of the most common CMMs used is the moving bridge CMM, which consists of a fixed table with a bridge system that contains two other axes of motion. The bridge itself moves along the table and is the third axis of motion.
Conti.
A similar machine is the fixed bridge machine and as its name implies the bridge system is fixed with the table moving as the third axis. The other two axes are on the bridge as with the moving bridge scheme. An example of a fixed bridge coordinate measuring machine is shown in Figure .The cantilever style machine incorporates two axes of motion riding on a cantilever that moves along a fixed table (in most cases). The horizontal arm CMM is similar to the cantilever machine in layout, but has a column that moves for axis, a horizontal arm that slides vertically on the column for another axis, and a moving table to provide the third axis of motion.
Conti
The last machine configuration that is the gantry style machine. This machine consists of two bridges and a sliding crossbeam. The motion of the sliding beam creates one axis of motion while a ram and another slide on the crossbeam provide the other axes.
CMM Operation
Having discussed the different types of axis configurations available it now becomes important to understand the method in which data is retrieved from the machine. The probe head attached to the axis system of the CMM is the sensor, which tells the controller where the surface of the part is with respect to the machine coordinate system.There are two principal types of contact probe heads available. The first is the touch trigger probe. This probe incorporates a stylus mounted via kinematic mounts onto the axes of the CMM. The kinematic mounts act as switches
CMM Operation
When the stylus comes into contact with the surface of the part the switch is flipped and a data point is taken.The second type of contact probe is the scanning analog probe.This probe head utilizes a set of stacked flexures that are compliant in one direction. The flexures are oriented such that each flexure is compliant in different directions, similar to the axes of the CMM.The stylus is mounted on the probe head and balanced. Some form of displacement transducer monitors the deflection of the flexures is a depiction of the probe head used on a Brown&Sharpe.The stylus is brought into contact with the surface until a constant force is detected. The machine then moves along keeping the stylus in contact with the surface reading data at the prescribed interval. In essence, this type of probe head is another coordinate measuring machine
Programming and Data Analysis
Each brand of coordinate measuring machine has its own software, which allows for the creation of mathematical models of the true shape of the part. The data collected during a measurement is fit to mathematical representation of the shape being measured by an algorithm.The mathematical model used is called the substitute geometry and is what the software uses as the reference when comparing the sampled data. There are many different types of fitting algorithms that can be used, such as least squares, maximum inscribed, minimum circumscribed, and Chebychev.
New Probing System
There are newer models that have probes that drag along the surface of the part taking points at specified intervals, known as scanning probes. This method of CMM inspection is often more accurate than the conventional touch-probe method and most times faster as well. The next generation of scanning, known as non-contact scanning includes high speed laser single point triangulation[1], laser line scanning[2], white light scanning[3], is advancing very quickly. This method uses either laser beams or white light that are projected against the surface of the part. Many thousands of points can then be taken and used to not only check size and position, but to create a 3D image of the part as well. This "point-cloud data" can then be transferred to CAD software to create a working 3D model of the part. These optical scanners often used on soft or delicate parts or to facilitate reverse engineering.
Conclusions
Coordinate measuring machines are complex instruments that require a generous amount of knowledge if accurate and reliable results are to be obtained. The performance tests eluded too in this paper are only a fraction of the required testing needed to qualify a machine. The reason for showing examples of the is to inform the reader of the types of challenges that need to be well thought-out with the aim of making quality measurements. A basic understanding of the machine operation and mechanical configuration is necessary for the optimal use of such instruments.
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PRESENTATION ON CMM

BY DAVINDER KUMAR CONDUCTED BY Dr.THOMAS TIEN-I LIU ME-238

Coordinate Measuring Machine Introduction

Technical details Parts

Programming and Data Analysis

New Probing System

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