Overview of Opportunities in Exotic,

Indigenous and High Value

Horticultural crops For the cause of farmers always

Presented
by

Dr. B. N. S. Murthy
Ex- Horticulture Commissioner, GOI, New Delhi
&
Ex. Director, ICAR-IIHR
Bengaluru
Email : [email protected]
 Diminishing diversity
Globally, 80% of our plant-based calorie intake comes from Ethnobotanical studies -
just 12 domesticated plant species: 8 cereals and 4 tubers. more than 7000 species
have been used by
50% of our plant-based calorie intake comes from wheat, humans as food in
rice and maize prehistoric times
 CROP DIVERSIFICATION
• The cropping pattern and other related changes required in agricultural production
system in order to meet market challenges -CROP DIVERSIFICATION
• Diversification into horticultural crops -an avenue to poverty alleviation
• The production of fruit and vegetables has a comparative advantage
• Under conditions where arable land is scarce
• Markets accessible due to positive relation between income and employment
• Gross returns per unit of area are much higher than for most of the other crop groups.
• Diversified cropping patterns have been an insurance in dry and drought prone
regions where weather vagaries and other uncertainties are translated to painful
income instability.
• Smallholder farmers are receiving incomes that have not existed previously
• Now we want to talk Diversification within Horticultural Crops
Horticulture Tables the Complete Basket

Focussed production | Ideal Marketing| Post Harvest

Management | Credit Flow | Private Sector Investment 4
 The Crop Geometry
Shifting little area from staple to high
value in the suitable region (agro-climatic
condition) can lead to a sizable increase
in the returns for farmers.

Diversification into production of fruits

and vegetables, in general, and
vegetables, in particular, is likely to
benefit the small and marginal
farmers

To be clubbed with crop planning matrix to understand the

potential location for area and crop shifting. 5
 Recipe for success
Pre production- Planning – Area- Inputs
Production- Planting material
Post production-Market-Domestic/Global Level
Strategy for
Import Substitution of
Major High Value Horticulture Crops

Government support- Bouquet of schemes

Knowledge Partners
 Major Imports of Fruits and Nuts of India
(Qty in ‘000 MT & Value in Rs Crore)

2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 (Till July)

Sl No HS CODE DESCRIPTION Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
1 08013100 Cashew Nuts in Shell 649.37 8850.80 834.33 10876.86 936.11 8776.84 352.13 3138.00
2 08021100 Almonds Fresh Or Dried in Shell 151.21 5071.29 151.19 5324.41 166.80 5907.94 46.94 1630.62
3 08081000 Apples Fresh 257.96 1626.90 283.33 2085.13 262.23 1793.97 96.34 712.25
4 08041020 Dates (Khazur) 221.41 833.47 281.15 1021.59 232.30 1058.67 26.68 169.91
5 08062010 Raisins 20.49 574.83 23.26 727.13 26.16 779.97 2.46 46.73
6 08042090 Dried figs 12.04 627.33 10.82 621.38 13.50 758.59 0.61 18.60
7 08025100 Pistachios In Shell 9.05 463.64 9.70 592.33 10.44 649.08 2.78 162.46
8 08025200 Pistachios Shelled 4.99 425.58 5.73 529.81 6.52 581.70 1.03 85.15
9 08105000 Kiwi Fruit 29.94 232.15 41.38 346.17 44.95 333.53 7.13 78.82
10 08023100 Walnuts in Shell 19.41 354.15 13.14 246.98 16.91 311.15 4.90 96.97
 Strategy for Import Substitution

• Ensuring availability of genuine quality planting material

• Increasing production through Area Expansion
• Increasing productivity through adoption of smart technologies
• Cluster Development of High Value Horticulture Crops
• Involvement of KVKs/ICAR Institutes / Centre of Excellences for
Capacity Building and Outreach activities
• Branding and Promotion
Product Specific Strategy - Cashew nut
Values in Rs crore, Volume in ‘000’ MT
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
Import Value 8850 10876 8776
Import Quantity 649 834 936
Domestic production 817 743 703 (3rd est)
Major Source Countries Cote D'Ivoire, Benin, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Nigeria, Singapore, UAE, Burkina Faso

Strategy:

• Increase in production:
• Increase of area – from 10 Lakh hectare to 12 Lakh hectare in next two years
• Productivity to be increased from 850Kg/hectare to 1 tonne/hectare
• Removal of senile plantations and replanting with HYV
• Intensive technology transfer

• Agriculture Infrastructure Fund utilization for modernizing cashew processing and adoption of end to end holistic
approach.
• The cashew imported in raw form is processed and is partly exported.
• There is 2.4 million tonne of processing capacity.
• Import related to export of processed cashew nut may be encouraged with tariff concessions.
 Globally important exotic fruit crops

1. Avocado
2. Blue berry
3. Dragon fruit
4. Fig
5. Kiwi
6. Mangosteen
7. Persimmon
8. Passion fruit
9. Rambutan
10. Strawberry
 Locally produced fruits with high nutritional value
or other potential
1. Mango-Ratual
2. Papaya- Coorg Honey Dew
3. Phalsa- Kanpur
4. Pumelo-Devanahalli
5. Guava- Alahabad apple
6. Jackfruit- Redbulb
7. Custard Apple-Balanagar
8. Sapota-Kalipatti
9. Citrus- Medica
10. Bael-Faizabad
11. Tamarind
12. Aonla
Technology
Quality plant material
 ARC- Potato

Grafting of vegetable seedlings

VERTICAL COLUMN METHOD - to harvest

Embryogenic suspension culture- Banana
three type of cuttings from Black Pepper
National Nursery Portal
F1 Hybrids
Vertical Farming
 Microgreens- Small but mighty
a high growth business

Microgreens are young and tender leafy greens of most vegetables, grains, herbs and flowers that
are harvested when their first leaves appear.
Diversification with flower crops: Efficient flower production systems
State Districts Existing production systems

Assam Kamrup Morigaon, Nagaon and Marigold, Gladioli, Tuberose, Gerbera and orchids,
Tinsukia & Cachar Anthurium and foliage
Maharashtra Pune, Nasik Kolhapur and Sangli Rose, Marigold, chrysanthemum
districts
Rajasthan Ajmer BundiChittor Jaipur, Marigold, chrysanthemum (Winter), tuberose, Jasmine,
Jodhpur, Kota, Nagaur,Pali Nerium, Crossandra and Gaillardia Cut flowers (Rose, Cut
Udaipur chrysanthemums, gerbera, carnation, orchids and
anthuriums under protected cultivation)

Madhya Pradesh Ratlam, Chhindwara, Indore, Marigold and Rose

Dhar, Ujjain
Tamil Nadu Krishnagiri, Coimbatore, Jasminum sambac, Rose, African marigold, Tuberose,
Madurai, Kanyakumari, Dindigul, Crossandra
Trichy
 Diversification with Plantation crops
Arecanut
State Efficient and potential districts
Andaman and Nicobars, South Andamans, North and Middle Andamans
Nicobar Islands

Andhra Pradesh Srikakulam, , West Godavari, East Godavari

Karnataka Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada, Chikmagalur, Kodagu, Tumkuru, Shimoga, Chitradurga
Davangere Udupi
Kerala Kasaragod, Kannur Alappuzha, Kozhikode, Mallapuram, Palakkad Thrissur, Waynad,

Goa North Goa and South Goa

Meghalaya South Garo Hills, South West Garo Hills, West Garo Hills, East Garo Hills, North Garo Hills,

Assam Srikakulam, Vishakhapatnam, VIjayanagarm, W.G., E G,

Puducherry Pondicherry, Mahe Karaikal
Tamil Nadu Ooty, Coimbatore
Odisha Cuttack, Jajpur, Ganjam, Puri, Khordha
Cashew:
State Efficient Zones /Districts of Cashew
Andhra Pradesh Srikakulam, West Godavari, East Godavari

Bastar Plateau (Sukma, Bijapur, Narayanpur, Dantewada, Kondagoan, Jagdalpur, Kanker),

Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh Plains ( Mahasamund, Rajnandgaon, Balod, Gariyaband, Raigarh, Korba)
Northern Hill Zone (Jashpur, Koria, Balrampur)

Jharkhand Purbi Sinnghbhum, West Singhbhum, Dumka, Pakaur

Ganjam, Gajapati, Dhenkanal, Koraput
Odisha
Mayurbhanj, Khordha, Cuttack,
West Bengal Purba Medinipore, Paschim Medinipur,Jhargram Bankura, Purulia, Birbhum
Karnataka Uttara Kannada, Belagavi, Kolar, Gadag, Bidar, Dharwad
Kerala Kannur, Kasargod, Palakkad
Goa North Goa
Tamil Nadu Cuddalore, Ariyalur, Perambalur, Nagapattinam, Thoothukudi, Villupuram
Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Raigad, Kolhapur
Maharashtra
Nasik, Gondia, Gadchiroli, Palghar
Meghalaya East Garo Hills, West Garo Hills
Tripura South Tripura, West Tripura
 Diversification with Spice crops
Black pepper

Most Efficient Cropping Efficient Cropping Zone Efficient production systems

zone
Assam, Karnataka, Goa, Kerala and Andaman & As intercrop in Tea plantations (Assam), Coconut, arecanut
Meghalaya and Tripura Nicobar Islands and tea plantations in Meghalaya and Tripura, Coffee,
arecanut and monocropping systems in Karnataka.

• While promoting black pepper, zones that are from non –traditional areas can be focused for
yield by introducing high yielding varieties with high quality attributes can be promoted
though organic production practices.
• In traditional pepper zones like Karnataka and Kerala High yielding varieties need to be
adopted for tapping the higher yield on sustainable practices.
• In zones like Sirsi, Karnataka and Idukki, Kerala where mixed varieties are popular,
promotional programmes for quality based product can be implemented targeting the demand.
Turmeric

Most Efficient Cropping zone Efficient Cropping Zone Efficient production systems
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Crop rotation with vegetables
Manipur, Meghalaya, Tamil Mizoram, Uttarakhand and and pulses, intercropping in
Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and West Bengal coconut, vegetable and fruit
Andaman & Nicobar Islands cropping systems or mono
cropping system

• In zones like NE states and Odisha, quality of the product may be given priority and organic
production programmes may be promoted.

• In high yielding traditional belts like AP, Telengana, TN and Bihar varieties with high yield
and quality may be concentrated with high input technologies to reap the trade benefits.
Small cardamom

Most Efficient Efficient Cropping Zone Efficient production systems

Cropping zone
Kerala Karnataka and Tamil Forest ecosystem at the elevation of > 1500 feet.
Nadu Intercrop in coffee and arecanut based systems.
Tuber crops
Efficient production systems (suitable areas and ecosystems, states, districts) taking into
consideration of soil degradation, availability of water and climate change.

Cassava Kerala, Tamil Nadu, AP, Gujarat, Maharashtra, NE states

Sweet potato Eastern India

Aroids UP, AP, Chattisgarh, West Bengal

Taro West Bengal, Gujarat

Medicinal Crops
State Potential areas/districts
Assam Kamrup, Barpeta, Sonitpur, Nagaon, Baksa, Golaghat, Lakhimpur
and Karbi Anglong are major identified production clusters
Tamil Nadu Virudhunagar, Dindigul, Thiruvallur, Ariyalur, Madurai, Thiruvarur,Dharmapuri,
Salem, Nagapattinam and Trichy
Gujarat Ahmedabad , Banaskantha, Junagadh, Kheda, Kutch, Mehsana, Patan, Surendranagar
Karnataka Bellary, Kalaburgi, Vijayapura Kolar, Chamarajanagar, Gadag Mandya Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and
Uttar Kannada
Uttar Pradesh All nine agro climatic zones
Andhra Pradesh Anathapur, Kurnool, Chittor , East Godavari, Visakhapatnam
Odisha Puri, Ganjam , Cuttack, Jagatisinghpur, Jajpur, kendrapara, Khordha, Nayagarh
Chattisgarh Bilaspur, Mungeli Korba Raigarh Balrampur Koria
Madhya Pradesh Mandsour (73.58%), Neemuch (19.99%), Jabalpur (2.74%) and Ratlam (1.52%) for Isabgol. Ratlam,
Indore, Chattarpur, Betul, Bhopal, Khandwa, Katni, Morena, Chindwara, Shivpuri, Tikamgarh , Dhar
Punjab Patiala, Hoshiarpur
Bihar Begusarai, Buxar, Munger, Vaishali, Madhepura, Madhubani, Muzaffarpur, Bhojpur
Uttarakhand Tehri, Dehradun, Haridwar (Stevia, Rosemary, Snakeroot, Gloriosa, Shatavari, Lemon Grass,
Chamomile)
Coconut and Oil Palm Crop Diversification and achieving self-
sufficiency in Edible oils
• Current shortfall is 13 Mn Tons
• Production of edible oil from 1 hectare is 0.39 Ton
• Requirement of land to meet the shortfall = 33.3 Mn ha
• Assuming 30% increase in yield, additional area requirement will be 20 Mn Hectare
• Oil palm - highest yield of 4 tons /ha, therefore, the requirement to meet the edible oil requirement is only 2 Mn ha
• Oil palm, coconut are tree borne oilseeds and solvent extracted oil are the secondary source
of vegetable oils that contributes about 30%
(including cotton and Rice bran oil) of total domestic availability of vegetable oils.

• Expansion of Area under Coconut. Launching of NMEO-OP with

• Production and Distribution of Quality Planting Materials total approved cost of
• Integrated Farming for productivity improvement. ₹ 11,040 crore focusing on
• Technology Demonstration/Quality Testing Lab. Oil Palm area expansion and
• Technology Mission on Coconut higher CPO production.
• Replanting and Rejuvenation of Old Coconut Garden- Targeted Area expansion up
• Coconut Palm Insurance Scheme to 10.00 lakh ha by 2025-26
• Kerasuraksha Insurance scheme & 18.42 lakh ha by 2030-31.
 Case Studies
Case Studies
Case Studies
Case Studies
Net benefit of Rs.3.5 -4.0 lakhs from flowers/acre/ year and 2.0 –
2.50 lakhs from the bulbs after two years
 Towards Doubling Farmer’s Income - Diversification of Crops
Traditional crop cultivation Moringa (Drumstik) Cultivation

Cost of cultivation/Ha = Rs. 50,000-60,000

Cost of cultivation/Ha = Rs. 20,000-40,000
Plant Population/Ha = 2500 nos. (2 m x 2 m)
Net Returns/Ha = Rs. 20,000-30,000
Yield/Ha = 20 tons
Avg. Selling price/Ton = Rs. 7000
Gross returns/Ha= 1,40,000
Net Profit/Ha = Rs. 80,000 – 90,000
Towards Doubling Farmer’s Income - Diversification of Crops
Traditional Crops Cultivation Banana Cultivation

Cost of cultivation/Ha = Rs. 2,00,000

Cost of cultivation/Ha = Rs. 20,000-40,000 Plant Population/Ha = 3,100 nos. (1.8 m x 1.8 m)
Net Returns/Ha = Rs. 20,000-30,000 Yield/Ha = 40 tons
Avg. Selling price/kg = Rs. 10
Gross returns/Ha= Rs 4,00,000
Net Profit/Ha = Rs 2,00,000
Towards Increasing Farmer’s Income - Diversification of Crops
Strawberry Cultivation
Traditional Crops Cultivation

Cost of cultivation/Ha = Rs. 2,75,000

Cost of cultivation/Ha = Rs. 20,000-40,000 Plant Population/Ha = 25,000 nos. (0.9 m x 0.45 m)
Net Returns/Ha = Rs. 20,000-30,000 Yield/Ha = 14 tons
Avg. Selling price/kg = Rs. 40
Gross returns/Ha= 5,60,000
Net Profit/Ha = Rs. 2,85,000
 Success story - Grapes Technologies adopted
Direct Benefit From Shift to New Technologies • Dogridge - Root Stock
• Y – Trellis System
• Fertigation, PGR’S
• Crop regulation
• Canopy & Disease management
 Year 1992
 Area (Acres) : 30
 Varieties : AES or Dilkush
 Yield : 20 Tonnes/acre
 Cost of Cultivation : Rs. 40,000/-
 Net Profit : Rs. 80,000/-
 Year 2012
 Area (acres) : 140
 Varieties : Sharad Seedless, Red Globe
 Yield : 15 Tonnes/acre
 Cost Of Cultivation : Rs. 2.2 – 2.5 Lakhs
 Net Profit : Rs. 5 lacs

Harohalli Vineyards Yearly Revenue Rs 10 crore

 Horticulture Technologies in farmers’ fields
High Density Plantation of Apple
 Apple areas of HP, JK and Uttarakhand
 Yield increased from 9 tonne to 50 tonne/ ha

Mushroom production in Haryana

 Total production in 2018=11050 tonne
 No. of units=2120
 Income: Rs. 37 crore
 No. of families engaged: 15478

Crop diversification with pomegranate in arid zone

Narpat Singh Charan, 8 ha under
pomegranate in 2014:
Net return
2016: Rs. 3.0 lakh
2017: Rs. 17.0 lakh
2018: Rs. 44.0 lakh
Genetic Diversity Fairs

Indigenous fruit crops

Post-harvest Management Strategies
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