NOTE 1 (Intro + 1-Way Slab)
NOTE 1 (Intro + 1-Way Slab)
NOTE 1 (Intro + 1-Way Slab)
Dr.(Mrs.)Abiodun
Civil & Environmental Engineering Department
University of Lagos, Nigeria
PART 1:
INTRODUCTION TO CONCRETE DESIGN
Outlines
TEXTBOOKS:
Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design-Victor
Oyenuga
FFF
FOUNDATION
2. Live loads: Also known as imposed load. Load that may vary in magnitude and also change
location. Examples are Human, furniture etc. They are uncertain!
3. Environmental loads: They are like live loads because they are uncertain (in magnitude and
distribution) at any given time. Examples are: wind load, Earthquake loads, snow loads etc
PARTIAL SAFETY FACTORS FOR LOADS
• Limit state method combine the knowledge of the ultimate theory (which gives a good idea of the
strength aspect) with the serviceability states
• Limit state design method provides a framework which would allow designs to be economical and
safe.
Limit state
Shear, Durability,
Flexure, Stability, Fire- Vibration,
Torsion, Deflection,
compression resistance Fatigue
Tension Cracking
8
DESIGN OF SLABS
A slab refers to a flat, horizontal, and typically reinforced concrete element used to form floors, ceilings, and roofs.
Slabs are one of the essential components of a building structure and provide a solid, stable base for supporting
other building elements such as walls, columns, and beams.
Examples are: Solid slabs, Flat slabs, waffle slabs, Ribbed slabs etc
flat slab
Ribbed slab
There are 2 major types of solid beams
1. One way spanning slabs: Slabs supported on parallel beams. The slabs are designed to resist
load in one direction only, and the reinforcement is provided in the direction perpendicular
to the beams i.e. parallel to the shorter side
The difference between One-way spanning slab and Two-way spanning slab are presented
Some of the slab panels can be categorized
as either one-way spanning slab or two-
way spanning slab
For Example:
Panels 4, 9, 7- one-way
Panels 1, 2, 3- two-way
However, For fire requirements: Assume 2 hour fire resistance (Table 3.4)
d = h-c-θ/2 where h= slab thickness; c= concrete cover; θ= assumed main reinforcement bar
Note: If K ≤ 0.156 compression reinforcement not required (i.e section is designed as singly reinforced section)
If K > 0.156 compression reinforcement is required (i.e. section is designed as doubly reinforced section)
b)
where z= lever arm
Note: If Z > 0.95d (Adopt 0.95d). However, if its ≤ 0.95d, use the obtained value
c) Area of reinforcement required (As) = M/(0.95fyZ)
Note: Take the value of As( reqd) to the reinforcement table to obtain As(provided)
This brings us to the end of the first part of the design, which is the ULS.