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    Earth Science Minerals

    Uploaded by

    Jassen Manalili

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Earth Science Minerals

    Uploaded by

    Jassen Manalili
    2 views15 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2 views15 pages

    Earth Science Minerals

    Uploaded by

    Jassen Manalili

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Earth's Materials and

    Processes
    What Makes Up the Crust of the
    Earth?

    The Earth's crust is made of rocks,


    which in turn are composed of
    minerals.
    MINERALS
    Minerals are natural occuring substances that
    build up the Earth's crust. There are many
    types of minerals but they have some
    characteristics common to each other.

    1. Minerals are crystalline solid.


    2. Minerals are made of chemical elements
    and compounds.
    3. Minerals have known chemical
    compositions.
    4. Minerals are inorganic in nature.
    Minerals are present everywhere and some
    examples of these can be found at home.
    Diamond Rings
    Aluminum Foil
    Talcum Powder

    Other examples:
     Hematite Borax
     Chromite Feldspar
     Copper Fluorite
     Quartz Sphalerite
     Gold
    Classification of MINERALS
    SILICATES
    Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen.
    ◎Mafic Silicates
    Contain iron or magnesium and are
    dark in color.
    ◎Felsic Silicates
    Contain potassium, or sodium and
    aluminum. And are light in color.
    NONSILICATES
    Minerals that does not contain silicon.
    Carbonates/Calcites
    Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
    Halides
    Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Bromide,
    Fluoride, and Iodide
    Gypsum
    Calcium Sulfate (CaSO4)
    METALLIC
    Minerals that made up of heavy metallic
    elements
    Copper
    Iron
    Gold
    Silver
    Chromium
    Nickel
    NONMETALLIC
    Minerals that lacks the properties of the
    metallic minerals.
    Calcites
    Quartz
    Talc
    Gypsum
    GEM
    Minerals that possess unique bright
    colors and commonly used for jewelry.
    Jade
    Sapphire
    Ruby
    Opal
    Garnet
    Identification of Minerals
    1. HABIT refers to the overall shape or
    growth pattern of the mineral.
    a.) equant b.) elongate c.) platy

    2. LUSTER refers to the quantity of light


    reflected from the exterior surface of the
    mineral.
    a.) opaque b.) transparent c.) dull d.) shiny
    3. CLEAVAGE refers to the tendency of a
    mineral to break along very smooth, flat,
    and shiny surfaces. The breakage
    happens parallel to zones of weak bonding
    in the crystal structure of minerals.

    4. HARDNESS is a measure of the mineral's


    resistance to scratching. Harder minerals
    will scratch softer materials. Geologist
    rank minerals according to hardness using
    the Mohs' scale of hardness. The scale
    was created by German mineralogists
    Friedrich Mohs in 1812
    Scale Mineral
    1 Talc
    2 Gypsum
    2.5 Fingernail
    3
    3.5
    Calcite
    Copper penny Mohs'
    4
    5
    Fluorite
    Apatite Table of
    5.5
    Steel knife blade/glass
    plate Hardness
    6 Orthoclase feldspar
    7 Quartz
    8 Topaz
    9 Corundum (ruby)
    10 Diamond
    5. COLOR varies in many minerals making it
    very unreliable to set as standard for
    identification. Some minerals come in just
    one color, while others come in many colors
    and varieties.
    6. STREAK refers to color of mark or powder left
    by rubbing the mineral againts a streak plate
    (unglazed porcelain). The streak of metallic
    minerals appear to be darker in color than
    that of the metallic ones. Streak is more
    reliable property than color as streak shows
    the true color of minerals. Streak does not
    vary even if color does
    The END

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