Violence Against Women

Laws Protecting Women’s
Rights
The Dowry Prohibition Act,
1961
Dowry is defined in the Act
as any property or valuable
security given or agreed to
be given either directly or
indirectly by one party to the
other party to the marriage.
 By the parents of either
party to a marriage or by
any other person, to either
party to the marriage or to
any other person at or before
or any time after the
marriage in connection with
the marriage of the said
parties.
 The Dowry Prohibition Act,
1962 outlawed giving or
receiving dowry and made it
a punishable offence. The
imprisonment would be for a
term which shall not be less
than five years and a fine.
Equal Remuneration Act,
1976
The Equal
Remuneration Act,
1976 provides for the
payment of equal
remuneration to men
and women workers
and for the
prevention of
discrimination
grounds of sex,
against women in the
mater of employment
and for maters
connected with or
incidental thereof.
The Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women
(CEDAW), 1979
 CEDAW is a landmark
international agreement that
affirms principles of fundamental
human rights and equality for
women around the world.
CEDAW is a practical blueprint
for each country to achieve
progress for women and girls.
 CEDAW strengthens the United
States as a global leader in
standing up for women and girls.
 In countries that have ratified
CEDAW, women have partnered
with their governments to
improve the status of women
and girls, and as a result have
changed laws and policies to
create greater safety and
opportunity for women and their
families.
The Indecent Representation of
Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986
 An Act to prohibit
indecent
representation of
women through
advertisements or
in
publications,writing
s, paintings,
figures or in any
other manner and
for the maters
connected
therewith or
incidental thereto.
The National Commission for
Women Act, 1990
 The Central Government shall
constitute a body to be known as
the National Commission for
Women
 to exercise the powers conferred
on and to perform the functions
assigned to it under this Act.
Functions of NCW:
 Investigate and examine all
matiers relating to the safeguards
provided for women under the
 Constitution and other laws .
 Look into complaints and take
suomoto notice of the matiers
relating to deprivation of
 women’s rights, non-
implementation of laws enacted to
provide protection to women, and
 also to achieve the objective of
equality and development .
The Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques
(Regulation and Prevention of Misuse)
Act, 1994
 This Act is intended to
provide for the
regulation of the use
of pre-natal diagnostic
techniques for the
purpose of detecting
genetic or metabolic
disorders and others.
 According to this Act,
the pre-natal
diagnostic test cannot
be conducted without
the consent of the
pregnant woman.
 It also prohibits the
communication of the
sex of the foetus.
Protection of Women from
Domestic Violence Act,
2005
 Domestic violence is
defined in this Act as any
conduct of the respondent
if he brutally assaults or
makes the life of the
aggrieved person
miserable by cruelty of
conduct.
 It is also domestic
violence if the aggrieved
person is forced to lead an
immoral life. Injuring or
harming the aggrieved
person is also domestic
violence.
 If the pursuit of course of
conduct of the respondent
was reasonable to his own
protection, it does not
amount to domestic
The Prohibition of Child
Marriages Act (as amended up to
2006)
 The child is defined in
the Act as a person who,
if a male, has not
completed 21 years of
age, and if a female, has
not completed 18 years
of age.
 Child marriage is a
marriage, in which either
of the contracting
parties, is a child.
 Punishment for
conducting, performing
or abeting child
marriages extends to
two years rigorous
imprisonment and also a
fine, which extends to
one lakh rupees, or both.
Sexual Harassment
Prevention Act, 2009
 The Act is
formulated in order
to prevent sexual
harassment and
protect the rights of
victims.
 Excluding sexual
assault crimes, the
so-called sexual
harassment
component in the
Act refers to the
sexual statements
or sexual behaviour
violating another
person’s wishes.
Right to Maintenance
 This provision is to provide a
summary remedy to prevent
dependents from destitution
and to serve a social
purpose.
 The following are entitled to
the Right to Maintenance:
1. Wife, if she is unable to
maintain herself
2. Legitimate or illegitimate
minor child, whether married
or not, who is unable to
maintain himself or herself
3. Father or mother who is
unable to maintain himself
or herself
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Laws Protecting Women’s

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