A - Volcano

EXPLORING
VOLCANO
ES
Volcanoes are majestic natural wonders that
captivate our imagination and shape the
landscapes around us. In this presentation, we
will learn about:
• what volcanoes are
• the different types of volcanoes
• the different types of eruptions
they can have
• materials released during
volcanic eruptions
• how we can prepare for volcanic
events
RING OF FIRE
The Ring of Fire is a
horseshoe-shaped
belt of intense
volcanic activity and
frequent
earthquakes that
encircles the edges
of the Pacific Ocean.
This region is home
to approximately
75% of the world's
active volcanoes and
is caused by the
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth’s crust through
which molten rock, gas, and other materials are released
from deep within the Earth.
Volcanoes are formed when

molten rock called magma rises
to the surface. The magma can
come from the Earth's mantle or
from subduction zones where
one tectonic plate slides
beneath another.
PARTS OF A VOLCANO ash cloud
crater lava flow
sill conduit
magma cone
chamber
MAGMA CRATER:
CHAMBER:
A reservoir where The bowl-shaped
magma is stored depression at the top of
beneath the volcano. the volcano.
ASH CONE:
CLOUD:
Mass of tiny volcanic rock Steep, conical-shaped
fragments, dust, and gases hill or mountain formed
that are released into the by layers of volcanic
CONDUIT:
air. LAVA:
material.
A pipe-like structure that Molten rock that flows
connects the magma from a volcano during
chamber to the surface. an eruption.
SILL:
Flat rock formation that
forms when molten magma
cools and solidifies in a
crack or fissure.
TYPES OF
VOLCANO
ES
DESCRIPTION:
Broad, gently sloping volcanoes with a shape

resembling a warrior's shield. They are formed
from layers of cooled lava.
ERUPTION
STYLE:
Generally characterized by non-explosive, effusive
eruptions with the outpouring of lava flows.
EXAMPLES:
Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Mount Etna

in Italy
SHIELD VOLCANO
DESCRIPTION:
Steep-sided, conical volcanoes formed by

explosive eruptions of ash, cinders, and dust.
ERUPTION
STYLE:
Explosive eruptions that eject fragments of
lava and volcanic ash into the air.
EXAMPLES:
Paricutin in Mexico, Sunset Crater CINDER CONE VOLCANO

in Arizona
DESCRIPTION:
Tall and symmetrical volcanoes

composed of layers of lava flows
and volcanic ash.
ERUPTION
STYLE:
Can have both explosive
eruptions and effusive eruptions.
EXAMPLES:
Mount Fuji in Japan, and Mount St.

Helens in the United States
COMPOSITE CONE
VOLCANO
TYPES OF
VOLCANO
ERUPTION
S
ICELANDIC ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
Volcanic eruptions produce runny lava that floods
the Earth's surface through long cracks called
fissures, which can be up to 15 miles long.
EXAMPLES:
The Deccan Plateau in India and the Columbia

Plateau in the western United States are both
large lava plateaus. The Deccan Plateau covers
100,000 square miles while the Columbia Plateau
is the largest lava plateau in the world.
HAWAIIAN ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
Volcanic eruptions characterized by

numerous fissures result in large
quantities of hot, thin, and runny lava
that flows rapidly out of the main vent.
EXAMPLE:
Kilauea, located on the Big Island of

Hawaii
STROMBOLIAN
ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
Short, explosive eruptions shoot thick and pasty
lava, steam, and gas into the air, producing little to
no lava. The resulting steep-sided cone is called a
cinder cone.
EXAMPLES:
Named after the volcanic island of Stromboli near

Italy, eruptions have been occurring almost
continuously for centuries. Due to its frequent
eruptions, Stromboli is often referred to as the
"Lighthouse of the Mediterranean," as it erupts
approximately every 20 minutes.
VULCANIAN ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
Vulcanian eruptions produce high dark clouds of

steam, ash, and gas, which build a cauliflower-
shaped head and a thinner, tree trunk-like base.
After this, thick pasty lava is ejected. These
eruptions usually build a steep-sided cone that is
more symmetrical than a cinder cone.
EXAMPLES:
Krakatoa (Krakatau) in Indonesia, and Katla

in Iceland
STRATOVOLCANOES ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
The most common type of volcanic cone, first the
volcano will have an explosive eruption that ejects
huge amounts of steam, gas, and ash followed by the
ejection of lava. They are created from a combination
of eruptions forming layers of ash and lava.
EXAMPLES:
Mt. Fuji in Japan, and Mt. Etna in Sicily

PELEAN ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
Violent explosion resulting in the collapse of the
volcano's summit and the release of a destructive
pyroclastic flow. This flow is a rapid and
destructive mixture of hot ash, gas, and rocks that
annihilates everything in its path.
EXAMPLES:
Mount Pelée in Martinique, and Soufrière

Hills in Montserrat
PLINIAN ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
The most powerful eruption type,

with a towering ash cloud reaching
up to 50,000 feet (about 10 miles)
in height, and extremely dangerous
pyroclastic flows.
EXAMPLES:
Mt. Vesuvius in Pompei, and Mount St.

Helens in United States
MATERIALS FROM
VOLCANO
ERUPTION
S
LAVA
Molten rock that flows from a volcano during an eruption.
PYROCLASTIC MATERIAL:
Fragments of lava, ash, and rock ejected into the air during
explosive eruptions.
VOLCANIC ASH:
Fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock that can be carried

by wind over long distances.
VOLCANIC
GASES:
Gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide,
and others, released during eruptions.
PREPARING FOR
VOLCANO
ERUPTION
S
Volcanic eruptions can be dangerous, but with proper
preparation, we can stay safe. Here's how:
STAY INFORMED EMERGENCY PLAN EMERGENCY KIT EVACUATION ROUTES
Pay attention to Create a family Prepare a kit Familiarize

official emergency plan with essential yourself with
warnings, that includes items like food, evacuation
updates, and meeting points, water, first aid routes and
evacuation communication supplies, practice
orders from methods, and a flashlights, and evacuation drills
local designated batteries. with your family.
authorities. emergency kit.
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YOU!
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EXPLORING

Volcanoes are formed when

crater lava flow

Broad, gently sloping volcanoes with a shape

Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Mount Etna

Steep-sided, conical volcanoes formed by

Paricutin in Mexico, Sunset Crater CINDER CONE VOLCANO

Tall and symmetrical volcanoes

Mount Fuji in Japan, and Mount St.

The Deccan Plateau in India and the Columbia

Volcanic eruptions characterized by

Kilauea, located on the Big Island of

Named after the volcanic island of Stromboli near

Vulcanian eruptions produce high dark clouds of

Krakatoa (Krakatau) in Indonesia, and Katla

Mt. Fuji in Japan, and Mt. Etna in Sicily

Mount Pelée in Martinique, and Soufrière

The most powerful eruption type,

Mt. Vesuvius in Pompei, and Mount St.

Fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock that can be carried

STAY INFORMED EMERGENCY PLAN EMERGENCY KIT EVACUATION ROUTES

Pay attention to Create a family Prepare a kit Familiarize

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