PHP Tutorial

PHP
INTRODUCTION
What is PHP?
• PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor"
• PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting
language
PHP• is aPHP scripts
server are executed
scripting on and
language, the server
a powerful tool
for making
• PHP dynamic and interactive Web pages.
is free to download and use
PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to
competitors such as Microsoft's ASP.
PHP 7 is the latest stable release.
What You Should Already
Know
Before you continue you should have
a basic understanding of the
following:
 HTML
 CSS
 JAVASCRIPT
PHP is an amazing and
popular language!
It is powerful enough to be at the

core of the biggest blogging system
on the web (WordPress)!
It is deep enough to run the largest
social network (Facebook)!
It is also easy enough to be a
beginner's first server side language!
What is a PHP File?
 PHP files can contain text, HTML,
CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
 PHP code is executed on the
server, and the result is returned to
the browser as plain HTML
 PHP files have extension ".php"
What Can PHP Do?
 PHP can generate dynamic page content
 PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close
files on the server
 PHP can collect form data
 PHP can send and receive cookies
 PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
 PHP can be used to control user-access
 PHP can encrypt data
With PHP you are not limited to output HTML.

You can output images, PDF files, and even
Flash movies. You can also output any text,
such as XHTML and XML.
Why PHP?
 PHP runs on various platforms
(Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)
 PHP is compatible with almost all
servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
 PHP supports a wide range of
databases
 PHP is free. Download it from the
official PHP resource: www.php.net
 PHP is easy to learn and runs
efficiently on the server side
What's new in PHP 7
 PHP 7 is much faster than the
previous popular stable release
(PHP 5.6)
 PHP 7 has improved Error Handling
 PHP 7 supports stricter Type
Declarations for function
arguments
 PHP 7 supports new operators (like
the spaceship operator: <=> )
PHP Installation
What Do I Need?
To start using PHP, you can:
 Find a web host with PHP and
MySQL support
 Install a web server on your own
PC, and then install PHP and MySQL
Use a Web Host With PHP
Support
If your server has activated support
for PHP you do not need to do
anything.
Just create some .php files, place
them in your web directory, and the
server will automatically parse them
for you.
You do not need to compile anything
or install any extra tools.
Because PHP is free, most web hosts
offer PHP support.
Set Up PHP on Your Own PC
However, if your server does not

support PHP, you must:
 install a web server
 install PHP
 install a database, such as MySQL
The official PHP website (PHP.net)

has installation instructions for PHP:
http://php.net/manual/en/install.php
PHP Syntax
A PHP script is executed on the server, and the plain
HTML result is sent back to the browser.
Basic PHP Syntax
A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.
A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>:
<?php
// PHP code goes here
?>
The default file extension for PHP files is ".php".

A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP
scripting code.
Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a
PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function "echo" to
output the text "Hello World!" on a web page:
My first PHP page
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My first PHP page</h1>
<?php
echo "Hello World!";
?>
</body>
</html>
Introduction to XAMPP local server
XAMPP is the perfect tool to setup a web server
locally.
XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform
web server solution stack package developed by
Apache Friends, consisting mainly of the Apache
HTTP Server, MariaDB database and interpreters for
scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming
languages.
XAMPP is available across Windows, Linux and

MAC, and best of all its free to use. Easy to setup
and install Apache distribution containing MariaDB,
PHP and Perl that works on your own computer
system with no internet connection required.
Having a local web development environment is a
great way to practice serve-side scripting, working
with a MySQL database and also setup a staging
Interface of XAMPP Local Server
Control Panel
Interface of XAMPP local server
PHP Variables
Variables are “containers” for
storing information.
Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables.
In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the

name of the variable.
Example:
Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables.
In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the
variable.
Example:
<?php
$txt = “Hello World..!”;
$x = 5;
$y = 10.5;
?>
After the execution of the statements above, the variable $txt will hold the
value Hello World!, the variable $x will hold the value 5, and the variable $y
will hold the value 10.5.
Note.
When you assign a text value to a variable, put quotes around the value.
Note:
Unlike other programming languages, PHP has no command for declaring a
variable. It is created the moment you first assign a value to it.
PHP Variables
A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more
descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume).
Rules for PHP variables:
 A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of

the variable.
 A variable name must start with a letter or the
underscore character
 A variable name cannot start with a number
 A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric
characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _)
 Variable names are case-sensitive ($age and $AGE are
two different variables)
Remember that PHP variable names are case-sensitive.
Output Variables
The PHP echo statement is often used to output data to
the screen.
The following example will show to output text and
variable:
<?php
$txt = “www.w3schools.com”;
echo “I Love $txt!”;
?>
The following example will output the sum of two

variables:
<?php
$x = 5;
$y = 4;
echo $x + $y;
?>
PHP is loosely typed
language
In the example above, notice that we did not
have to tell PHP which data type the variable is.
PHP automatically associates with a data type to

the variable, depending on it’s value. Since the
data types are not set in a strict sense, you can
do things like adding a string to an integer
without causing an error.
In PHP 7, type declarations were added. This

gives an option to specify the data type expected
when declaring a function, and by enabling the
strict requirement, it will throw a “Fatal Error” on
a type mismatch.
PHP echo and print
Statements
With PHP, there are two basic ways to get output:
 echo
 print
In this lecture we use echo or print, in almost every

example. So, this chapter contains little more info
about those two output statements.
echo and print are more or less the same. They are
both used to output data to the screen.
The differences are small: echo has no return value

while print has a return value of 1 so it can be used in
expressions. echo can take multiple parameters
(although such usage is rare) while print can take one
argument. echo is marginally faster than print.
PHP echo Statements
The echo statement can be used with or without
parentheses:
echo or echo( )
Display Text
The following example shows how to output text with the

echo command (notice that the text can contain HTML
markup):
<?php
echo “<h2>PHP is Fun!</h2>”;
echo “Hello World! <br>”;
echo “I’am about to learn PHP! <br>”;
echo “This ”, “string ”, “was ”, “made “, “with multiple
parameters.”;
?>
Continued on next slide


PHP echo Statements
Display Variables
The following example shows how to output text and

variable with the echo statement:
<?php
$txt1 = “Learn PHP”;
$txt2 = “W3schools.com”;
$x = 5;
$y = 4;
echo “<h2>” . $txt1 . “</h2>”;

echo “Study PHP at “ . $txt2 . “<br>” ;
echo $x + $y;
?>
PHP print Statements
The print statement can be used with or without
parentheses:
print or print( )
Display Text
The following example shows how to output text with the

print command (notice that the text can contain HTML
markup):
<?php
print “<h2>PHP is Fun!</h2>”;
print “Hello World! <br>”;
print “I’am about to learn PHP! <br>”;
?>
PHP Comments
//---Single Line
comment---
/*------Multiline comment
as like CSS------*/
# ---Single Line
comment---
PHP Data Types
Variables can store data of different
types, and different data type can do
different things.
PHP supports the following data types:
i. String
ii. Integer
iii. Float (floating point number also called double)
iv. Boolean
v. Object
vi. Array
vii. NULL
PHP String
A string is a sequence of characters, like “Hello
World!”.
A string can be any text inside quotes. You can
use single or double quotes:
Example
<?php
$x = ”Hello World!”;
$y = ”Hello World!”;
echo $x;
echo = ”<br>”;
echo $y;
?>
PHP Integer
An integer data type is a non-decimal number.
Rules for integers:
An integer must have at least one digit
An integer must not have a decimal point
An integer can be either positive or negative
Integers can be specified in:
 decimal (base 10), hexadecimal (base 16), octal
(base 8), or binary (base 2) notation.
In the following example $x is an integer.
The PHP var_dump() function returns the data type and
value:
Example
<?php
$x = 5985;
var_dump($x);
?>
PHP Float
A float (floating point number) is a number with a
decimal point or a number in exponential form.
In the following example $x is a float:
The PHP var_dump() function returns the data
type and value:
Example
<?php
$x = 10.365;
var_dump($x);
?>
PHP Boolean
A Boolean represents two possible states:
TRUE or FALSE.
$x = true;
$y = false;
Booleans are often used in conditional testing.

In the following example $x and $y is a Boolean:
type and value:
Example
<?php
$x = true;
$x = false;
var_dump($x, $y);
?>
PHP Boolean
Example
<?php
$num = 10000;
if($num >= 999) {

print "<script>alert('The value you entered is
less.')</script>";
} else {
print "<script>alert('The value you entered is
greater.')</script>";
}
?>
PHP Array
An array store multiple values in one single
variable.
In the following example $cars is an Array:

type and value:
Example
<?php
$cars = array(“Volvo”, “BMW”,
“Toyota”);
var_dump($cars);
?>
PHP Object
An object is a data type which stores data and information
<?php
on how to process that data.
class = Car {
In function Car()
PHP, an object must{be explicitly declared.
First we must declare a class of object.
$this->model = “VW”;
For this we use the class keyword. A class is a structure
}
that can contain properties and methods:
}
Example
// create an object
echo $this->model;
?>
PHP NULL
Null is a special data type which can have only
one value: NULL.
A variable of data type NULL is a variable that
has no value assigned to it.
Tip: if a variable is create without a value, it is
automatically assigned a value of NULL.
Variable can also be emptied by setting the value
to NULL:
Example
<?php
$x = ”Hello World!”;
$x = null;
var_dump($x);
?>
PHP Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on
variables and values.
PHP divides the operators in the following
groups:
 Arithmetic operators
 Assignment operators
 Comparison operators
 Increment/Decrement operators
 Logical operators
 String operators
 Array operators
 Conditional assignment operators
PHP – The IF statement
The if statement executes some
code if one condition is true.
Syntax
If (condition) {
code to be executed if condition is
true;
}
Example
<?php
$t = date(“H”);
if ($t < “20”) {
echo “Have a good day!”;
} ?>
PHP – The IF…ELSE
statement
The if….else statement executes
some code if one condition is true
and another condition is false.
Syntax
If (condition) {
true;
} else {
Example
false;
}
PHP – The IF…ELSE
statement
The if….else statement executes
some code if one condition is true
and another condition is false.
Syntax
If (condition)
<?php {
$t =to
code date(“H”);
be executed if condition is
if ($t < “20”) {
true; echo “Have a good morning!”;
} else
Example { {
} else
codeechoto“Have a good night!”;
be executed if condition is
}
false;?>
}
PHP – The IF…ELSEIF…ELSE
statement
If (condition)
The {
if….elseif…else statement
code todifferent
executes be executed if condition
codes for more is
true;one conditions.
than
} elseif
Syntax (condition) {
code to be executed if first
condition is false and this condition
is true;
} else {
Example
false;
}
PHP – The IF…ELSEIF…ELSE
statement
If (condition)
The {
if….elseif…else statement
<?php
executes
code todifferent codes
be executed for more is
if condition
than$t =
true; date(“H”);
one conditions.
}ifelseif
($t < (condition)
Syntax “10”) { {
echo “Have a good morning!”;
code to be executed if first
} elseif ($t < “20”) {
condition is false and this condition
echo “Have a good evening!”;
is true;
} else {
} echo
else “Have
Example { a good night!”;
}code to be executed if condition is
false;
?>
}
SIMPLE PHP PROGRAM
Make a simple program in PHP by

using:
 Connect with localhost, root

 Link with database and table
 Use condition
 Which shows result in Web
Browser “Connection Successful”
PHP Loops
Often when you write code, you want
the same block of code to run over
and over again a certain number of
times. So, instead of adding several
almost equal code-lines in a script,
we can use loops.
Loops are use to execute the same

block of code again and again, as
long as a certain condition is true.
PHP Loops
In PHP, we have the following loop
types:
while – loops through a block of code
as long as the specified condition is
true
do…while – loops through a block of
code once, and then repeats the
loop as long as the specified
condition is true
foreach – loops through a block of
code of each element in an array
PHP While Loop
The while loop executes a block of code as long
as the specified condition is true.
Syntax
while (condition is true) {

code to be executed;
}
Example
The example below displays the numbers from 1 to 5:
PHP While Loop
Example
The example below displays the numbers from 1 to 5:
<?php
$x = 1;
while ($x <= 5) {
echo "The number is: $x
<br>";
$x++;
}
?>
PHP While Loop
Example explained
 $x = 1; Initialize the loop counter ($x),

and the start value to 1
 $x <=5 Continue the loop as long as $x
is less than or equal to 5
 $x++; Increase the loop counter value
by 1 for each iteration
This example counts to 100 by tens

PHP While Loop
Example explained
 $x = 0; Initialize the loop counter ($x),

<?php
and the start value to 0
 $x = 0; Continue the loop as long as
$x <=100
while ($xthan
$x is less <= or100) { to 100
equal
 $x+=10;
echo "TheIncrease
numberthe is: loop
$x counter
value by 10 for each iteration
<br>";
$x+=10;
This example counts to 100 by tens
}
?>
PHP Functions
The real power of PHP comes from its
functions.
PHP has more than 1000 built-in functions,

and in addition you can create your own
custom functions.
PHP User Defined Functions
Besides the built-in PHP functions, it is
possible to create your own functions.
• A function is a block of statements that

can be used repeatedly in a program.
• A function will not execute
automatically when a page loads.
• A function will be executed by a call to
the function.
Syntax
function functionName() {
code to be executed;
}
Note: A function name must start with a

letter or an underscore. Function name
are NOT case-sensitive.
Example
Tip: Give the function a name that reflects
what the function does!
<?php
function writeMsg() {
echo “Hello world!”;
}
writeMsg(); //call the function
?>
Example explained
In the example above, we create a

function named “writeMsg()”. The
opening curly brace { indicates the
beginning of the function code, and
the closing curly brace } indicates
the end of the function. The function
outputs “Hello World!”. To call the
function, just write its name followed
by brackets ( ):
PHP Functions Arguments
Information can be passed to functions
through arguments. An argument is just
like a variable.
Arguments are specified after the function
name, inside the parentheses. You can
add as many arguments as you want, just
separate them with a comma.
The following example has a function with
one argument ($fname). When the
familyName( ) function is called, we also
pass along a name (e.g. Fahad), and the
name is used inside the function, which
outputs several different first names, but
Example
<?php
function familyName($fname)
{
echo “$fname Refsnes.
<br>”;
}
familyName(“Jenni”);
familyName(“Hege”);
familyName(“Stale”);
PHP Global Variables
Superglobals
Superglobals were introduced in PHP
4.1.0, and are built-in variables that
are always available in all scope.
Some predefined variables in PHP
are “superglobals”, which means
that they are always accessible,
regardless of scope – and you can
access them from any function, class
or file without having to do anything
special.
PHP Global Variables
Superglobals
The PHP superglobal variables are:
 $GLOBALS
 $_SERVER
 $_REQUEST
 $_POST
 $_GET
 $_FILES
 $_ENV
 $_COOKIE
 $_SESSION
GET vs. POST
Both GET and POST create an array(e.g.
array(key1 =>value1, key2=>value2,
key3=>value3….)). This array holds
key/value pairs, where keys are the name
of the form controls and values are the
input data from the user.
Both GET and POST are treated as $_GET
and $_POST. These are superglobals,
which means that they are always
accessible, regardless of scope – and you
can access them from any function, class
or file without having to do anything
CONTINUED 
special.
GET vs. POST
$_GET is an array of variables passed to
the current script via the URL parameters.
$_POST is an array of variables passed to

the current script vi the HTTP POST
method.
When to use GET?
Information sent from a form with the GET
method is VISIBLE TO EVERYONE (all
variable names and values are displayed
in the URL). GET also has limits to the
amount of information to send. The
limitation is about 2000 characters.
However, because the variables are
displayed in the URL, it is possible to
bookmark the page. This can be useful in
some cases.
GET may be used for sending non-
sensitive data.
PHP CRUD
 The PHP CRUD app is a system of
storing, adding, updating and deleting
data with image. And connect to the
databases online and offline.

PHP Tutorial

Uploaded by

PHP Tutorial

Uploaded by

PHP

It is powerful enough to be at the

With PHP you are not limited to output HTML.

However, if your server does not

The official PHP website (PHP.net)

The default file extension for PHP files is ".php".

<h1>My first PHP page</h1>

XAMPP is available across Windows, Linux and

Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables.

In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the

Rules for PHP variables:

 A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of

The following example will output the sum of two

PHP automatically associates with a data type to

In PHP 7, type declarations were added. This

In this lecture we use echo or print, in almost every

The differences are small: echo has no return value

The following example shows how to output text with the

Continued on next slide

The following example shows how to output text and

echo “<h2>” . $txt1 . “</h2>”;

The following example shows how to output text with the

Booleans are often used in conditional testing.

if($num >= 999) {

In the following example $cars is an Array:

Make a simple program in PHP by

 Connect with localhost, root

Loops are use to execute the same

while (condition is true) {

 $x = 1; Initialize the loop counter ($x),

This example counts to 100 by tens

 $x = 0; Initialize the loop counter ($x),

PHP has more than 1000 built-in functions,

• A function is a block of statements that

Note: A function name must start with a

In the example above, we create a

$_POST is an array of variables passed to

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