Self-Image Index Among HUMSS Students at San Josef National High

School as Impacted by Social Media

RESEARCHERS

Calitis Jaye Mark

Dobla Hanna Dawana
Maliga Cleofe Jane
Sebastian Princess Rancie
Piol Aeriel jsutin
THE PROBLEM AND ITS
SETTINGS
 Introduction
This research explores how social media affects how people see
themselves. We'll look at how online platforms influence self-esteem, body
image, and who we think we are. With social media, where everything is
curated, and we're always comparing ourselves, understanding how it
shapes our self-perception is really important. This study aims to uncover
how social media impacts how we see ourselves, showing both the good
and not-so-good sides of this influence.
 Review of Related Literature and Studies
Steers, M., Wickham, R., & Acitelli, L. (2014). Seeing everyoneelse’s
highlight reels: how Facebook usage is linked to depressivesymptoms.
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33(701-731.)
Tazghini, S. & Siedlecki, K. (2013). A mixed approach to
examiningFacebook use and its relationship to self-esteem.
Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 827-832
Tosun, L. P. (2012). Motives for Facebook use and expressing the
“true self” on the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 28,
1510–1517.
Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, M. A. (2006).
Friendnetworking sites and their relationship to adolescents’ well-
being andsocial selfesteem. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 9, 584 –
590.
Vogel, E., Rose, J. P.,Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K. (2014).
Socialcomparison, social media, and self-esteem. Journal of
Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research, 2(1), 87-92.
Andreassen, C., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. (2016). The relationship
between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem:
Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006
Manning, J. (2014) Definition and classes of social media.
Encyclopedia of social media and politics (pp. 1158–1162).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Smith, A. & Anderson, M. (2018). Social media use in 2018
(Report). Retrieved from
http://www.pewinternet.org/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018/
Sponcil, M & Gitimu, P. (2013). Use of social media by college
students: Relationship to communication and self-concept. Journal
of Technology Research, 4(1). 37–49.
Smith, E. R., Mackie, D. M., & Claypool, H. M. (2015). Social
Psychology, 4th Ed., Psychology Press.
Statement of the Problem
In today's digital age, social media has become an integral part of our lives,
especially for teenagers. Whether we embrace it, despise it, or simply tolerate
it, there's no denying its pervasive presence. As the Principal of a school
community, I am constantly confronted with the challenges associated with
social media use. These issues are often intricate and don't come with easy
solutions. However, amidst the complexity, a growing body of research offers
valuable insights into navigating the world of social media wisely.While
social media is often hailed as a
remedy for loneliness, a wealth of evidence suggests that it may actually
exacerbate feelings of isolation. Unsurprisingly, it can trigger a dangerous
game of comparison, leaving individuals questioning their own self-worth.
The consequences can be dire, with mental health issues such as anxiety and
depression lurking in the shadows. In this thought-provoking article, we will
delve into these troubling aspects of social media, examining them through a
balanced lens.
 Conceptual Framework
1. Social Media Use: This refers to the frequency, duration, and type of
social media platforms used by individuals. It is expected that higher social
media use will lead to greater changes Process
in self-image, particularly Output
in terms of
body image and social comparison.
2. Body Image: This refers to an the
• Solder individual's
single black perception andVacuum
“U.A.W. evaluation
Cleaner: of
cable wire of DC Motor Development of an
their physical appearance. Social media use
from red wire of battery has been linked to
Improvised
both positive
Vacuum
and negative body image outcomes,
socket with some studies Cleaner suggesting
Materials”
from Recycled that

exposure to idealized body images on social media can lead to lower body
• Connect the DC Motor
red wire to SPST Switch
satisfaction and increased body dissatisfaction.3. Self-esteem: This refers to
an individual's overall sense •battery
of self-worth and confidence. Social media use
Solder the black wire of
socket to SPST
has been linked to both positive
switch and negative self-esteem outcomes, with

some studies suggesting that social comparison on social media can lead to
lower self-esteem, particularly among individuals who are more sensitive to
social comparison.
4. Social Comparison: This refers to the process by which individuals
compare themselves to others in order to evaluate their own abilities,
attributes, or accomplishments.
5. Age and Gender: These demographic variables are expected to
moderate the relationship between social media use and self-image, with
younger individuals and females potentially being more susceptible to
negative self-image outcomes as a result of social media use.
 participants
The participants the study is the all sections of HUMSS in Senior High
School Students of San Josef National High School (ANNEX). The total
number of participants is shown in the table below:
 RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
 Research Design

The research design that we will use for this study is

“Discriptive-quantitative” because a methodological approach that aims
to gather information about prevailing conditions or situations for the
purpose of description and interpretation.
 Statistical Analysis
Several studies have investigated the relationship between social media use
and self-image, as measured by a self-image index. Here are some statistical
findings from these studies:
A study by Fardouly et al. (2015) found that women who spent more time on
social media reported lower body satisfaction, as measured by the Body
Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Specifically, women who spent more than 3
hours a day on social media had significantly higher BSQ scores (indicating
lower body satisfaction) than women who spent less than 30 minutes a day on
social media.
A study by Tiggemann and Slater (2014) found that exposure to thin-ideal
images on Instagram led to increased body dissatisfaction, as measured by the
Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3). Specifically, participants who viewed
thin-ideal images for 30 minutes reported significantly higher EDI-3 scores
(indicating greater body dissatisfaction) than participants who viewed non-
thin-ideal images for 30 minutes.
A study by Perloff et al. (2014) found that adolescents who reported higher
levels of social comparison on Facebook had lower self-esteem, as measured
by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).
A study by Fardouly et al. (2017) found that women who reported higher
levels of social media use had lower self-worth, as measured by the
Multidimensional Self-Worth Scale (MSWS). Specifically, women who
reported using social media more frequently had significantly lower
MSWS scores (indicating lower self-worth) than women who reported
using social media less frequently.
These findings suggest that social media use is associated with negative
effects on self-image, particularly in terms of body satisfaction and self-
esteem. However, further research is needed to better understand the
complex relationship between social media and self-image, and to identify
effective strategies for promoting positive self-image in the context of
social media use.
 Survey Questionnaire
1. Social Media Use: This refers to the frequency, duration, and type of social
media platforms used by individuals. It is expected that higher social media
use will lead to greater changes in self-image, particularly in terms of body
image and social comparison.

2. Body Image: This refers to an individual's perception and evaluation of

their physical appearance. Social media use has been linked to both positive
and negative body image outcomes, with some studies suggesting that
exposure to idealized body images on social media can lead to lower body
satisfaction and increased body dissatisfaction.

3. Self-esteem: This refers to an individual's overall sense of self-worth and

confidence. Social media use has been linked to both positive and negative
self-esteem outcomes, with some studies suggesting that social comparison on
social media can lead to lower self-esteem, particularly among individuals
who are more sensitive to social comparison.
4. Social Comparison: This refers to the process by which individuals compare
themselves to others in order to evaluate their own abilities, attributes, or
accomplishments. Social media use has been linked to increased social
comparison, particularly in terms of appearance and lifestyle, which can lead to
negative self-image outcomes.

5. Age and Gender: These demographic variables are expected to moderate the
relationship between social media use and self-image, with younger individuals
and females potentially being more susceptible to negative self-image outcomes
as a result of social media use.

6. Frequency of Social Media Use: This variable is expected to moderate the

relationship between social media use and self-image, with higher frequency of
use potentially leading to greater changes in self-image, particularly in terms of
body image and social comparison.

7. Self-Image Index: This is a measure of an individual's overall level of self-

image, which takes into account factors such as body image, self-esteem, and
social comparison.
1. How often do you use social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and
Twitter?
a) Daily
b) Multiple times a day
c) Once a day
d) Less than once a day
e) Never

2. How do you feel about your appearance when you see pictures of yourself on social
media?
a) Very satisfied
b) Satisfied
c) Neutral
d) Dissatisfied
e) Very dissatisfied

3. How often do you compare your appearance to others on social media?

a) Very often
b) Sometimes
c) Rarely
d) Never
4. Do you feel pressure to present a certain image of yourself on social media?
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly disagree

5. Do you believe that social media has influenced your self-image in a positive or
negative way?
a) Positive impact
b) Negative impact
c) No impact
d) Unsure

6. How do you perceive the body types and appearances of people on social media?
Do they make you feel:
a) More confident in your own appearance?
b) Less confident in your own appearance?
c) Neutral?
d) Unsure?
7. Do you believe that social media has led to unrealistic beauty standards and
expectations for individuals?
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly disagree
f. Unsure
8. Have you ever experienced cyberbullying or negative comments about
your appearance on social media?
a) Yes, frequently
b) Yes, occasionally
c) No, never
d. Unsure
e. Prefer not to answer
f. N/A (not active on social media platforms).
9. Do you believe that social media has contributed to an increase in body
dissatisfaction among individuals?
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly disagree
f. Unsure
10. Have you ever felt the need to edit or filter your appearance before
posting a photo on social media?
a) Yes, frequently
b) Yes, occasionally
c) No, never
d. Unsure
e. Prefer not to answer