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    Anatomy of Breast

    Uploaded by

    Ankit Upadhyay

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Anatomy of Breast

    Uploaded by

    Ankit Upadhyay
    6 views12 pages

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    Anatomy of breast

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    6 views12 pages

    Anatomy of Breast

    Uploaded by

    Ankit Upadhyay

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Anatomy of Breast

    Ankit upadhyay
    Introduction
    The breast is the most important
    structure present in superficial
    fascia of pectoral region. It is a
    modified apocrine sweat gland. In
    females, it forms an accessory sex
    organ of the female reproductive
    system.
    Location, Shape and Extent
    It is located in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region. A
    small extension from its superotemporal part known as Axillary
    tail of Spence goes to axilla via Foramen of Langer.
    The Axillary tail is the site of high percentage of breast tumours.
    Shape- Hemispheric bulge
    Extent- Vertically, 2nd rib to 6th rib in Mid clavicular line
    Horizontally, Lateral border of sternum to Mid Axillary line
    along 4th rib
    Relations
    Superficial to deep-
    ● Pectoral fascia (present deep
    to the mammary gland and
    covers the Pectoralis Major)
    ● Pectoralis Major

    Pectoralis Major, Serratus


    Anterior and External Oblique
    forms the Mammary bed
    Retromammary space
    It is the space between the
    gland and the pectoral fascia.
    It contains loose areolar tissue
    because of which breast is
    freely mobile.
    In case of carcinoma, breast is
    fixed to chest wall.
    Nipple and Areola
    Nipple is a conical projection seen at 4th intercostal space in
    nulliparous women.
    It is supplied by 4th intercostal nerve and is pierced by
    numerous 15-20 lactiferous ducts.
    Areola is a pigmented structure seen beneath nipple.
    It contains modified sebaceous glands which secrete oily
    secretion for lubrication of nipple and areola.
    Parenchyma of Mammary gland
    The parenchyma secretes milk to feed
    the newborn baby.
    It consists of 15-20 lobes arranged in a
    radial manner.
    Each lobe -> Lobules-> Lactiferous
    duct -> Lactiferous sinus
    Ligament of Cooper- Connective
    tissue condensation.
    It extends from dermis of skin to
    pectoral fascia.
    Blood supply
    The breast is mainly supplied by
    1. Internal thoracic artery/mammary
    artery(perforating branches) in 2nd to
    4th Intercostal Space
    2. Axillary artery branches except anterior
    and posterior circumflex humeral artery.
    3. Intercostal arteries

    Venous drainage: Intercostal thoracic vein,


    Axillary vein and intercostal veins
    Nerve supply
    The nerve supply of breast is primarily somatosensory.
    It is derived from 2nd to 6th intercostal nerves through
    their anterior and lateral cutaneous branches.

    The sensory nerve endings in nipple and areola play an


    important role in stimulating the release of milk from
    mammary gland in response to suckling by the infant.
    Lymphatic drainage
    The lymphatic drainage of breast is of great significance because
    the carcinoma of the breast spreads mostly through lymphatics.
    ● Upper outer quadrant- anterior group of Axillary nodes
    ● Upper medial quadrant- internal mammary nodes( of both
    same and opposite side)
    ● Lower lateral quadrant- posterior intercostal nodes
    ● Lower medial quadrant- pierce anterior abdominal wall and
    drain into sub peritoneal lymphatic plexus
    75% of lymphatics from
    breast drains into anterior
    group of axillary nodes.

    20% of lymphatics to
    internal mammary nodes
    or internal thoracic nodes.

    5% of lymphatics drains to
    posterior intercostal nodes.
    Clinical significance
    Carcinoma of the breast is the most common
    cancer in females.
    It occurs in 60% cases in the upper lateral
    quadrant and commonly affects females between
    40 and 60 years of age.

    Carcinoma in the lower medial quadrant can


    spread to the sub-peritoneal lymphatic plexus and
    then to the ovary through transcoelomic spread
    producing a secondary tutor in the ovary called the
    Krukenberg’s tumour.

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