2024 CPH - Wk-1 Community

COMMUNITY & PUBLIC HEALTH
2024
Two main types
• Geopolitical – defined or formed by both natural and
manmade boundaries and include barangays,
municipalities/cities, provinces, regions, nations;
congressional districts and neighborhoods
• Phenomenological – relational, interactive groups, in which
the place or setting is more abstract, and people share a
group perspective or identity based on culture, values,
interests, goals. Also described as functional; Examples are
schools, churches, groups/organizations
• Rural, Urban, Suburban; Rurban

Community, defined (based on
attributes)
• A collection of people who interact
with one another and whose common
interests or characteristics form the
basis for a sense of unity or
belonging (Allender, 2009)
• Group of people who share something in
common and interact with one another
and may share a geographic boundary
(Clark, 2008)
• A locality-based entity, composed of
systems of formal organizations
reflecting society’s institutions, informal
groups and aggregates(Goeppinger,
2008)
• A group or collection of locality-based
individuals , interacting in social units
and sharing common interests,
characteristics, values, and/or goals
(Famorca,et al.,2013)
Other related terms
• Population – group of people having common
personal/environmental characteristics
• Aggregates – subgroups or subpopulations

that have some common characteristics or
concerns (Clark, 2008)
Understanding Personal Health
n e ed s
role
performance
ptati on
ad a
resource for
life
Signs and
Health is the goal of Public Health
• State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
(WHO, 1958)
• The extent to which an individual or group is able, on
the one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs;
and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the
environment.
• Health is therefore seen as a resource for everyday life,
not the objective of living; it is a positive concept
emphasizing social and personal resources, and physical
capacities (WHO, 1986)
Community Health
• Health status of a community is associated
with a number of factors such as health care
access, economic conditions, social and
environment issues as well as cultural
practices.
• OLOF (individuals, families, communities)

Characteristics of a
Healthy Community
1. Awareness that “we are a community”

2. Conservation of natural resources
3. Recognition of and respect for the
existence of sub groups
4. Participation of subgroups in community
affairs
5. Preparation to meet crises
6. Ability to solve problems
7. Resources available to all
8. Communication through open channels
9. Settling disputes through legitimate
mechanisms
10. Participation by citizens in decision
making
11. Wellness of a high degree among its
members
COMMUNITY
Understanding Community Health
Public Health
“ science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and
promoting health and efficiency through organized
community effort”(Winslow, 1920)
Refer to p.5, Intro to Public Health by Schneider
“fulfilling society’s interest in assuring conditions in which

people can be healthy” (IOM,1988)``
“dedicated to the common attainment of the highest level of

physical, mental , and social well-being and longevity
consistent with available knowledge and resources at any
given time and place (Hanlon,1984)
What is Public Health?
Core Functions of Public Health

• Assessment
• Policy Development
• Assurance
Focus of Public Health
• Prevention
• Intervention
TEN ESSENTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
CORE SERVICES
FUNCTIONS
ASSESSMENT Monitor health status to identify community health problems.
Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.
POLICY Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.

DEVELOPMENT
Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
ASSURANCE Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health
care when otherwise unavailable.
Assure competent public health and personal healthcare workforce.
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of personal and

population-based health services
SERVING ALL Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
FUNCTIONS
FIVE STEP PROCESS OF PH APPROACH TO HEALTH
PROBLEMS IN THE COMMUNITY
Define the health problem
Identify the risk factors associated with the
problem.
Develop and test community-level
interventions to control or prevent the cause of
the problem.
Implement interventions to improve the health
of the population.
Monitor those interventions to assess their
effectiveness.
Elected Features of Public Health
• Basis in social justice philosophy
• Inherently political nature
• Dynamic, ever-expanding agenda
• Grounding in the sciences
• Use of prevention as a prime strategy
• Uncommon culture and bond
Nursing Home Nuclear Medicine
PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
NOH-2017-2022-030619-1(1)_0.pdf
National Objectives for Health
2016-2022
• “All for Health towards Health for All”
(Lahat Para sa Kalusugan! Tungo sa Kalusugan
Para sa Lahat)
• All Life Stages & Triple Burden of Disease
Pregnant, newborn, infant, child, adolescents, adults
and elderly
• Communicable diseases; Non-communicable
including malnutrition; disease of rapid
urbanization and Industrialization
History of Public Health, US
Major Eras
• Prior to 1850 – Battling Epidemics
• 1850-1999 - Building State and Local
Infrastructure
• After 1999 - Preparing for and responding to
community health threats
Health Laws and Evolution of Public Health
• Assignment

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COMMUNITY & PUBLIC HEALTH

• Rural, Urban, Suburban; Rurban

• Aggregates – subgroups or subpopulations

• OLOF (individuals, families, communities)

1. Awareness that “we are a community”

“fulfilling society’s interest in assuring conditions in which

“dedicated to the common attainment of the highest level of

Core Functions of Public Health

POLICY Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.

Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of personal and

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