Making of A Global World

LIVELIHOODS, ECONOMIES AND
SOCIETIES
THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD

1. THE PRE-MODERN WORLD
• Globalisation (Introduction)
• The making of the global world has a long history – of

trade, of migration, of people in search of work, the
movement of capital etc.
• From ancient times, travellers, traders, priests and pilgrims
travelled vast distances for knowledge, opportunity and
spiritual fulfilment, or to escape persecution
• They carried goods, money, values, skills, ideas, inventions,
and even germs and diseases.
GLOBALISATION
• It is defined as an economic system which is

associated with the free movement of
technology, goods, people and ideas all across
the world. This term is normally used to
describe the rapid increasing interdependence of
the world’s cultures, populations and their
growing economies.
 They used cowries as medium of exchange. Cowries-
seashells- from Maldives found their way to China and East
Africa.
 When they travel long-distance- spread of disease-carrying
germs can be traced - the seventh century.
 Fig.1 (in textbook)
 shows images of ships appear regularly in memorial stones
found in the western coast, indicating the significance of
oceanic trade.
Silk route and the world
• The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links
between distant parts of the world
• The name ‘silk routes’ points to the importance of west-bound Chinese silk
cargoes along this route
• Linking Asia with Europe and Northern Africa
Silk route and the world
• They are know to have existed since before the Christian era and thrived almost
till the 15th century.
• Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand.
• Early Christian missionaries almost certainly travelled this route to Asia, as did
early Muslim preachers a few centuries later.
• Much before all this, Buddhism emerged from eastern India and spread in
several directions through intersecting points on the silk routes
• Chinese pottery also travelled the same route
• spices + textiles from India and Southeast Asia.
• In return, precious metals – gold and silver – flowed from Europe to Asia
FOOD TRAVELS
FOOD TRAVELS
Traders and travellers introduced new crops to the lands they travelled.
Example: spaghetti and noodles. It is believed that noodles travelled west
from China to become spaghetti
Arab traders took pasta to fifth-century Sicily, an island now in Italy
It shows- possibilities of long-distance cultural contact even in the pre-
modern world.
Many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize,
tomatoes, chillies, sweet potatoes- were not known to our ancestors until about
five centuries ago.
These foods were only introduced in Europe and Asia after Christopher
Columbus accidentally discovered the vast continent that would later become
known as the Americas.
• Many of our common foods came from
America's original inhabitants – the American
Indians.
 IRISH- POTATO FAMINE:
Ireland is a place in Europe
Poor peasants depend on potatoes after its
introduction in Europe
100s of 1000 died due to starvation because-
disease hit potato in mid 1840s.
Europeans decided to set up colonies!
• Chose AMERICA
• Why America?
• Coz- diverse crops, different metals, Legends spread in seventeenth-century Europe about
South America's fabled wealth- known as city of gold
• Portuguese and Spanish conquest- colonization of America
• To conquer America they didn’t use any weapon or army- instead spread small pox
• Native Americans died
QUESTIONS
1. Which was used as a medium of exchange at the initial time periods- Cowries
2. What materials are carried from Europe to Asia ?
Ans: Precious metals like gold, silver
3. The foreign entities who conquered America were?
Ans: Europeans
4. The tool used by Europeans to conquer America
Ans: Instead by using a weapon, they spread small pox.
5. What items are traded from India and South- East Asia
Ans: Spices and textiles
6. From ancient times, travellers, traders, priests and pilgrims travelled vast
distances for ?
Ans: They travelled for acquisition of knowledge, opportunity and spiritual
fulfilment, or to escape persecution.
7. Irish- potato famine took place in which country?
Ans: Ireland
8. Why many people died of Irish- potato famine?
PYQ 10. “Food offers many examples of long distance cultural exchange”. Support your answer
with 3 examples (2017,2016)
• Key points: noodles, pasta, potato, chilles etc.
PY Q 11. “ Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand “ . Explain the statement in the
light of silk routes (2016,2014).
• Thousands of Europeans shifted to America- slaves from Africa- to work in plantation of cotton
and sugar for Europeans
• Until 18th C , India & China- main centers of world trade. Now captured by Europeans- became
the center of world trade
• PYQ 12. How small pox prove as the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors in the
early modern phase? Explain

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LIVELIHOODS, ECONOMIES AND

THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD

• The making of the global world has a long history – of

• It is defined as an economic system which is

• Key points: noodles, pasta, potato, chilles etc.

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