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    Counters

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    Priyanka

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Counters

    Uploaded by

    Priyanka
    4 views14 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    4 views14 pages

    Counters

    Uploaded by

    Priyanka

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Counters <By: Versha Soni>

    <Submitted to: Ms. Priyanka Gakhar


    Assistant professor, ICT Dept.>
    What are Counters?
     Counters in digital electronics are specialized circuits
    designed to count the number of events or pulses that occur
    in a system.
     Counters are primarily built using flip-flops, which are basic
    memory elements in digital circuits. Each flip-flop can store
    one bit of information (0 or 1).
     The most common types of flip-flops used in counters are
    Types of Counters
    There are mainly two types of counters.

    Counters

    Asynchronous Synchronous
    Counters Counters
    Asynchronous vs Synchronous
    There is no universal clock. Main clock A universal clock that is common to
    is only applied to first flip flop. all flip flops.

    Asynchronous Counter is slower as Synchronous Counter is faster in


    compared to synchronous counter in operation as compared to
    operation. Asynchronous Counter.

    Asynchronous Counter designing as well Synchronous Counter designing as well as


    as implementation is very easy. implementation is complex.

    Asynchronous Counter will operate only Synchronous Counter will operate in any
    in fixed count sequence (UP/DOWN). desired count sequence.
    Asynchronous Counters
    Asynchronous Counters are those counters in which a clock pulse is given as
    input to the first flip-flop, the output of the first flip-flop is fed as input for
    the second flip-flip and so on. Asynchronous counters are also called as
    Ripple Counters.

    Block Diagram
    Asynchronous Counters
    A n-bit Asynchronous counter can count upto 2n states. If
    we connect three flip-flops such that the output of the
    first one is fed as input to the 2nd flip-flop and the output
    of the 2nd one is fed as input to 3rd flip-flop, we get a 3-bit
    Asynchronous counter.

    J=1
    K=1
    Q=1

    Logical Circuit

    Truth Table
    Timing diagram
    Asynchronous MOD-5 Counter
    Assume that we need to count 5 bits instead of 8 in a 3-bit counter. In this case the rest of the bits will be
    skipped and the counter will go back to reset state after 5 states i.e. (000-101). This type of counter is called as
    MOD-5 Asynchronous Counter.

    Logical Circuit Truth Table


    Synchronous Counters
    3-bit synchronous counter effectively counts from 0 to 7 in
    binary. The design ensures that all flip-flops are synchronized to
    the same clock signal, allowing for a reliable counting
    mechanism.

    Block Diagram
    Synchronous Counters
    Synchronous counters use multiple flip-flops
    that are all triggered by the same clock signal
    to change states simultaneously. They count CLK Q2 Q1 Q0 COUNT
    in a specific sequence based on their design, Initial 0 0 0 0
    and additional logic is used to reset the First 0 0 1 1
    counter after reaching its maximum count.
    Second 0 1 0 2
    Third 0 1 1 3
    Fourth 1 0 0 4
    Fifth 1 0 1 5
    Sixth 1 1 0 6
    Seventh 1 1 1 7
    Eighth 0 0 0 0 (reset)
    Logical Circuit
    Truth Table
    Steps to design Synchronous Counter
    Steps to design Synchronous Counters for any given count sequence like MOD-5, MOD-10,
    MOD-12 etc. are:

    1) Find the number of Flip-Flops required.

    2) Write the count sequence in the tabular form i.e. write the desired output.

    3) Find the Flip-Flop inputs by using the excitation table of the Flip-Flop.

    4) Simplify the Flip-Flop by using K-Map.

    5) Design the circuit using Flip-Flops and other Gates according to simplified expression.
    Synchronous MOD-5 Counter

    T0=Q2
    T1=Q1
    T2=Q2+Q1.Q0
    Up/Down Counter
    Up-Down counter is a binary counter capable of counting in both the directions. i.e.
    Up/Down. The logical circuit for a 3-bit Up-Down counter is as follow:
    THANK YOU

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