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    EE PPT

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    Jatin Mann

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    EE PPT

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    Jatin Mann
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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    8 views16 pages

    EE PPT

    Uploaded by

    Jatin Mann

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 16

    MEASURING

    INSTRUMENTS
    JATIN MANN
    HARSH KUMAR
    INTRODUCTION
    A measuring instrument is a device for measuring
    a physical quantity. In the physical sciences,
    quality assurance, and engineering, measurement
    is the activity of obtaining and comparing physical
    quantities of real-world objects and events.
    AMMETER
    Ammeter, instrument for measuring
    either direct or alternating electric
    current, in amperes. An ammeter can
    measure a wide range of current
    values because at high values only a
    small portion of the current is
    directed through the meter
    mechanism; a shunt in parallel with
    the meter carries the major portion.
    TYPES OF AMMETER
    Moving Coil:-

    This type of ammeter is used to measure both AC & DC. This device uses magnetic deflection
    where the flow of current through a coil will make to move within the magnetic field.

    Electrodynamic:-

    This type of ammeter includes a moving coil to rotate in the generated field through a fixed
    coil. The main function of this device is to measure AC & DC with an accuracy of 0.1 to
    0.25%. The accuracy of this device is high when compared with the moving coil & permanent
    magnet moving coil. The device calibration is the same for AC & DC.

    Moving-iron:-

    This type of ammeter is used to calculate alternating currents & voltages. In this device, the
    movable system includes specially created soft iron pieces, which move as acted upon
    through the electromagnetic force of a fixed coil of wire.
    .
    Hot Wire:-

    This is used to measure AC or DC by transmitting it through a wire to make the wire heated and
    expand is known as a hot wire. The working principle of this device is to increase the wire by
    providing heat effect from the current supply through it. This is used for both AC & DC.

    Digital Ammeter:-

    This type of device is used to measure the flow of current in amperes & displays the values of
    on
    a digital display. These instruments provide information regarding the current draw & continuity in order to assist
    the consumer to troubleshoot variable loads & trends.

    Integrating:-

    In this device, the flow of current is summed over time and gives the product of time &
    current. These devices calculate the whole energy supplied through the circuit in a specified
    interval of time. The best example of this integrating device is watt-hour meter as it measures
    the energy directly in watt-hour.
    APPLICATION OF AMMETER
    ● The applications of this device will range from the schools to industries.

    ●These are used to measure the current flow in the buildings to ensure that the flow is
    not too low or too high.

    ●It is used in manufacturing and instrumentation companies to check the functionality


    of the devices

    ● It is used with a thermocouple to check the temperature.

    ●Electricians frequently use these devices to check the faults of the circuits in the
    building.
    VOLTMETE
    R
    A voltmeter is an instrument
    used for measuring electric
    potential difference between two
    points in an electric circuit. It is
    connected in parallel. It usually
    has a high resistance so that it
    takes negligible current from the
    circuit.
    WORKING

    Voltmeter is a voltage meter. Which


    measures the voltage between the
    two nodes. We know the unit of
    potential difference is volts. So it is
    a measuring instrument which
    measures the potential difference
    between the two points.
    Working Principle of Voltmeter

    The main principle of voltmeter is that it must be


    connected in parallel in which we want to measure the
    voltage. Parallel connection is used because a voltmeter is
    constructed in such a way that it has a very high value of
    resistance. So if that high resistance is connected in series
    then the current flow will be almost zero which means
    the circuit has become open.If it is connected in parallel,
    then the load impedance comes parallel with the high
    resistance of the voltmeter and hence the combination
    will give almost the same impedance that the load Fig:- The resistance in series is
    had.For an ideal voltmeter, we have the resistance to be called a multiplier. Its value is
    infinity and hence the current drawn to be zero so there determined from the Voltage
    will be no power loss in the instrument. But this is not Equation.
    achievable practically as we cannot have a material which
    has infinite resistance.
    GALVANOMETER
    Galvanometer, instrument for measuring a small electrical current
    or a function of the current by deflection of a moving coil. The
    deflection is a mechanical rotation derived from forces resulting
    from the current.
    What is a Moving Coil Galvanometer?

    A moving coil galvanometer is an instrument which


    is used to measure electric currents. It is a
    sensitive electromagnetic device which can
    measure low currents even of the order of a few
    Microamperes.

    Moving-coil galvanometers are mainly divided into


    two types:
    ● Suspended coil galvanometer
    ● Pivoted-coil or Weston galvanometer
    Advantages And Disadvantages Of AMoving Coil Galvanometer
    ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

    ● High sensitivity. ●It can be used only to measure direct


    currents.
    ●Not easily affected by stray magnetic
    fields. ●Develops errors due to factors like
    aging of the instrument, permanent
    ● The torque to weight ratio is high.
    magnets and damage of spring due to
    ● High accuracy and reliability. mechanical stress.
    WORKIN
    G
    A moving coil galvanometer works on the
    principle that a current-carrying coil placed
    in a magnetic field, experiences a torque. The
    coil springs along with the radial field ensure
    the deflection to be proportional to the
    strength of the current. Moving Coil
    Galvanometer Principle A current-carrying
    coil when placed in an external magnetic field
    experiences magnetic torque. The angle
    through which the coil is deflected due to the
    effect of the magnetic torque is proportional
    to the magnitude of current in the coil.
    Applications of Galvanometer

    The moving coil galvanometer is a highly sensitive instrument due to which it can be
    used to detect the presence of current in any given circuit. If a galvanometer is a
    connected in a Wheatstone’s bridge circuit, the pointer in the galvanometer shows
    null deflection, i.e no current flows through the device. The pointer deflects to the left
    or right depending on the direction of the current.

    The galvanometer can be used to measure:


    a) the value of current in the circuit by connecting it in parallel to low resistance.
    b) the voltage by connecting it in series with high resistance.
    USE AS AMMETER USE AS VOLTMETER
    Conversion Of Galvanometer To Ammeter :- Conversion Of Galvanometer To Voltmeter :-

    A galvanometer is converted into an ammeter by A galvanometer is converted into an voltmeter by


    connecting it in parallel with a low resistance called connecting it in series with a high resistance. A
    shunt resistance. Suitable shunt resistance is chosen Suitable high resistance is chosen depending on the
    depending on the range of the ammeter. range of the voltmeter.

    When current IG passes through the galvanometer, When current IG passes through the
    the current through the shunt resistance is series combination of the galvanometer
    given by IS = I – IG. The voltages across the and the high resistance R; the voltage
    galvanometer and shunt resistance are equal due to drop across the branch
    the parallel nature of their connection.
    BIBLIOGRAPHY--->
    ● Wikipedia

    ●Theraja B.L. and Theraja A.K., “ Electrical Instruments and Measurements”, A Te

    tbook Of Electrical Technology, vol 1, pg. 375—452, 2005.


    ● Electrical4u.com

    ● Electricalfundablog.com

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