VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

RAJEEV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,HASSAN -573201

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Phase-2 Mini Project Presentation on:
“Study of Thermal Behavior of a Turbulent Fluid Flow in a Pipe Using
CFD”
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Mechanical Engineering
Submitted By: Under the Guidance of:
LAKSHMIKANTH G 4RA21ME005 HANOCA P
DARSHAN H K 4RA22ME402 Assistant Professor
KARTHIK K Y 4RA22ME407 Department of Mechanical
Engineering
Rajeev Institute of Technology
• Introduction
Content
• Literature Review

• Objective

• Introduction to CFD

• Importance of CFD

• Application of CFD

• Fluid Capacity

• CFD Analysis Process

2
• Methodology

• validation

• Result and Discussion

• Application

• Conclusion

• Reference

3
 Introduction
• The study of fluid flow and heat transfer in pipes is essential for many
engineering applications, including industrial processes, HVAC
systems, and energy production.
• Turbulent flow, characterized by its complex dynamics and enhanced
mixing, significantly impacts heat transfer rates.
• Understanding these interactions is crucial for optimizing system
performance and efficiency.
• The boundary layer is a special region starting at a surface and
extending some distance away from that surface.
• Another important contributor to boundary layer theory is the fact that
particles extremely near the surface of a plate experiencing flow over
it will have a presumed velocity of zero
4
• There are actually several types of boundary layers, the two main types are
velocity and thermal.
• The velocity boundary layer transitions from a velocity of zero to the free
stream velocity.
• The thermal boundary layer begins at the surface of the plate and rises (or falls)
to meet the free stream temperature of the fluid.

5
• For each layer there are also considerations to be made in regards to laminar or
turbulent flows.

6
 Literature Review
• Abish Lamsal. His study focused on how fluid flows in pipes,
examining the velocity and pressure distributions. He concluded that
the velocity at the inlet is uneven, with higher velocity near the centre.
As the flow progresses, the velocity becomes more uniform,
eventually developing into a fully developed profile.
• Baru Debtera et al. , the study examined fluid flow properties with
varying viscosities.The research concluded that the 3D CFD model
provided well-validated results compared to MATLAB, particularly
for high-viscosity fluids in laminar flow.

7
• These observations indicated that CFD performance predictions were
more accurate, offering a deeper understanding of the hydrodynamic
behaviours of fluids in relation to viscosity.
• Siddhesh Tirodkar and Siddappa Bhusnoor [4] experimented on
the application of CFD analysis in fully developed velocity and
temperature flow fields through a pipe. The investigation focused on
the behavior of fluid flowing in a closed duct and its effects on
velocity, friction, and velocity profile.
• His study concluded that the axial velocity, mean temperature,
hydrodynamic entry length, and thermal entry length are found to be
closer to theoretical values.

8
 Objective
• simulate and analyse how fluids (liquids and gases) move and behave
under different conditions.

• It understanding the complex interactions of temperature profile,

velocity profiles, within a fluid system.

• This study aims to provide detailed insights into the velocity

distribution, pressure drop, and temperature variations along the pipe.

9
 Introduction to CFD
• Computational Fluid Dynamics or simply CFD is concerned with
obtaining numerical solution to fluid flow problems by using
computers.
• CFD replaces the differential equations of fluid flow with algebraic
equations through discretization, solved using digital computers for
approximate solutions.
• Using CFD software, we can build a “virtual prototype” of the system
or device that you wish to analyse and then apply real world physics
and chemistry to the model, and the software will provide us with
images and data, which predict the performance of that design.

10
 Importance of CFD
Simulation (CFD) Experiment

Cost Cheap Expensive

Time Short Long

Scale Any Small/Middle

Information All Measured Point

Repeatable Yes Some

Safety Yes Some Dangerous

11
 Application of CFD
• Automobile and Engine Aerodynamics, Engines, Turbochargers,
Intake/Exhaust, Heating/Cooling systems, Brakes etc.

• Industrial Manufacturing Aerospace, Aerodynamics. Gas Turbines,

Rockets etc.

• Mechanical Pumps, Compressors, Heat Exchangers, Furnaces, Nuclear

Reactors etc.

12
• Chemical Mixers (multiphase), Chemical Reactors, Separators,
Boilers, Condensers etc.

• Environmental Engineering Weather prediction, River and Tidal

flows, Wind and Water borne pollution, Fire and Smoke spread, Wind
loading etc.

• Physiological Cardiovascular flows (Heart, major vessels), Flow in

Lungs and breathing passages etc.

• Others Glass, Steel and Textile manufacturing, Food processing etc.

13
 Fluent Capabilities
•Fluid Flow Modeling
•Heat Transfer
•Chemical Reactions
•Turbulence Modeling
•Mesh Adaptation.
•User-Defined Functions (UDFs)
•Post-Processing Tools

14
 CFD Analysis Process
• Formulate the Flow Problem.

• Model the Geometry and Flow Domain.

• Establish the Boundary and Initial Conditions.

• Generate the Grid.

• Establish the Simulation Strategy.

15
• Establish the Input Parameters and Files.

• Perform the Simulation.

• Monitor the Simulation for Completion.

• Post-process the Simulation to get the Results.

• Make Comparisons of the Results.

• Repeat the Process to Examine Sensitivities.

16
 Methodology

• The project will use ANSYS Fluent, commercial CFD software, to

simulate the turbulent fluid flow in the pipe.

• The numerical model will be developed based on the governing

equations of fluid flow, and appropriate turbulence models will be
selected to capture the turbulence effects in the flow.

• The simulations will be performed for a different flow condition.

17
 Methodology

Specification of Model

Geometry of the Model

Meshing

Boundary Condition

Validation of the Model

18
 Specification Of the Model

Following is the specification of the given model.

• Length of horizontal pipe (L) = 30m

• Diameter of the inlet pipe(D) = 1m

• Diameter of the outlet pipe(D) = 1m

19
 • Calculation for length

•L=Dx0.44Re 1/6

• For 10000RE

• L=1x0.44(10000) 1/6

• L=2.042m

• similarly,

• For 20000RE L=2.292m

• For 30000RE L=2.452m 20

Geometry of the Model

21
 Meshing

15x15 mesh 20x20 mesh

22
22x22 mesh

23
Boundary Condition

24
 Liquid metal
Air Unused Oil
(Potassium)

Density Kg/m3 1.225 888 807.3

Viscosity Kg/m-s 1.7894x10 -5 0.8 0.00372

Prandtl no 0.744 10400 0.0066

Specific Heat
1005 1880 800
J/Kg-k
Thermal
Conductivity 0.0242 0.1454 45
W/m-K 25
 Validation of the result
Reynolds Number Theoretical CFD Results for different
Correlation mesh size

Case-A Case-B Case-C

15x15 20x20 22x22
10000 0.78 0.62 0.69 0.70

20000 1.36 1.23

30000 1.88 1.71

26
 Result and Discussion
• Study of Air at 0.146m/s
• At 10000 Re
Velocity Profile of Air at 10000RE
1.2

0.8
Diameter(m)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Velocity(m/s) 27
 Temperature profile of Air at 10000RE
25 29
1.2

0.8
Diameter(m)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380

Temperature(celcius)
28
• Comparing Air with Different fluid at 0.146m/s
•
Velocity Profile at Position 5(m)
Air Oil Liquid Metal
1.2

1
Diameter(m)

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

Velocity(m/s)
29
 Velocity Profile at Position 15(m)
Air Oil Liquid Metal
1.2

0.8
Diameter(m)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Velocity(m/s)
30
 Velocity Profile at Position (25m)
Air Oil Liquid Metal
1.2

0.8
Diameter(m)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Velocity(m/s)
31
 Velocity Profile at Position 29(m)
1.2

0.8
Diameter(m)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

Velocity(m/s)
32
 Temperature Profile
Temperature Profiles at Position 25m
Air Oil Liquid Metal
1.2

0.8
Diameter (m)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370

Temperature (Celsius)
33
 Temeraature Profile at Position 29m
1.2
Air Oil Liquid Metals

0.8
Diameter(m)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380

Temperature(celsius)
34
 Conclusion
• The CFD analysis of the turbulent fluid flow such as air, oil, and
liquid metal reveals distinct differences at a velocity of 0.146 m/s
• The oil exhibits an early-developed velocity profile.
• both air and liquid metal display a more gradual development stage-
by-stage.
• Regarding thermal conductivity, liquid metal outperforms both oil and
air significantly, demonstrating much faster heat transfer capabilities.
• In contrast, air and oil show lower thermal conductivity, which affects
their efficiency in heat transfer applications.

35
 Application
• HVAC Systems

• Heat Exchanger

• Automotive Cooling

• Aerospace

• Electronic Cooling

• Renewable Energy
36
THANK YOU

37