Python Data Types

 Data stored in memory can be of many types.

 Python has the following data types :

1. Numbers

2. String

3. List

4. Tuple

5. Set

6. Dictionary
 NUMBERS
 This data type stores numeric values. Numbers object are created when you assign
a value to them.
 Python supports following numerical types:
 Int
 Float
 Complex

Example :
a,b,c = 1, 1.5, 2+9j
print(“a : ”,a)
print(“b : ”,b)
print(“c : ”,c)
 Mathematical Functions on Numbers
Function Description
abs(x) Returns the absolute value of x
sqrt(x) Finds square root of x
ceil(x) Finds the smallest integer not less than x
floor(x) Finds the greatest integer not greater than x
pow(x,y) Finds x raised to y
exp(x) Returns exponential of x
fabs(x) Returns absolute value of x
log(x) Finds natural log of x
log10(x) Finds log to the base 10 of x
max(x1,x2,….,xn) Returns largest of its arguments
min(x1,x2,….,xn) Returns smallest of its arguments
round(x) x will be rounded to n digits if x is decimal
number
 Mathematical Functions on Numbers :

Run all these and observe outputs.

 STRINGS
 Set of characters represented in the quotation marks.
 Python allows for either ‘ ’ or “ ”.
 Subset of string can be taken from slice operator [:].
 In string ‘+’ indicates concatenation and ‘*’ is the repetition operator.
Example :
str = ‘Welcome to Python Programming ’
print(str) #Prints Complete String
print(str[0]) #Prints first character of string
print(str[11:17]) #Prints characters starting from 11th to 16th
print
print(str[11:]) #Prints starting from 11th character
print(str*2) #Prints string 2 times
print(str + ‘Sesssion’) #Prints concatenated string

Run all these and observe outputs.

 LIST

 List is an ordered sequence of items.

 All the items in the list do not need to be of same datat type.
 Items separated by commas are enclosed within brackets [ ].
 The values stored in a list can be accessed using slice operator [:] with
indices starting at 0 in the beginning of the list.
 In list also ‘+’ is concatenation operator and ‘*’ is the repetition
operator.
 List is mutable that means values of list can be update.
Example :
first_list = [‘abcd’, 147,2.43, ’Tom’, 74.9]
second_list = [111, ‘Tom’]

print(first_list) #Prints complete list

print(first_list[0]) # Prints first element of list
print(first_list[1:3]) # Prints elements starting from 1st
position to 2nd position
print(first_list[2:]) # Prints all elements starting
from 2nd position
print(first_list * 2) # Prints first list two times
print(first_list + second_list ) # Prints concatenated lists

Run all these and observe outputs.

 We can update the list by using slice operator.

# Demo of list update

list = [‘abcd’, 147,2.43, ’Tom’, 74.9]

print(“Item at position 2 = ”, list[2])
list[2] = 500
print(“Now item at position 2 = ”, list[2])

Similarly change the item at position 0 and 1.

 TUPLE
 Tuple is another sequence datatype similar to list.
 Tuple also consists of values separated by commas enclosed in bracket ( ).
 Tuples are immutable that means the elements of tuple can not be changed.
 Example :

first_tuple = (‘abcd’, 147, 2.43, ’Tom’, 74.9)

second_tuple = (111, ‘Tom’)

print(first_tuple) #Prints complete tuple

print(first_tuple[0]) # Prints first element of tuple
print(first_tuple[1:3]) # Prints elements starting from 1st position to 2nd position
print(first_tuple[2:]) # Prints all elements starting from 2nd position
print(first_tuple * 2) # Prints first tuple two times
print(first_list + second_tuple) # Prints concatenated tuples

Run all these lines and observe output.

 The following code is invalid with tuple whereas this is valid with Lists.

first_list = [‘abcd’, 147, 2.43, ’Tom’, 74.9]

first_tuple = (‘abcd’, 147, 2.43, ’Tom’, 74.9)
tuple[2] = 100 #Invalid
syntax with tuple
list[2] = 100 #
Valid syntax with list
 SET
 Set is unordered collection of unique items.
 Set is defined by values separated by commas and enclosed in bracket { }.
 Since they are unordered, we can not access or change an element of set using
indexing or slicing.
 We can perform set operations like union, intersection, difference on two sets.
 Set have unique values. They eliminate duplicates.
 Demo of Set creation

s1 = {1,2,3} # Set1 of integer numbers

print(“Set 1: ”, s1)
s2 = {1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2} # Set2 contains only unique value
print(“Set 2 : ”, s2)
s3 = {1, 2.4, ‘apple’, ‘Tom’, 3} # Set3 of mixed data types
print(“Set 3 : ”, s3)

# s4 = {1, 2, [3,4]} # Set4 is not valid because set can not have
mutable items
# print(“Set 4 : ”, s4) # Hence not permitted.

s5 = set([1, 2, 3, 4]) # Using set function to create a Set5 from list

print(“Set 5 : ”, s5)

Run all these lines of code and observe output.

 DICTIONARY
 Dictionary is unordered collection of key-value pairs.
 It is generally used when we have huge amount of data.
 We must know the key to retrieve the value.
 In Python, dictionaries are defined within the braces { } with each item being a
pair in the form of Key:Value
 Key and Value can be of any type.
 Keys are generally numbers or string. Values on the other hand can be any
arbitrary object.
 Dictionaries are enclosed with { } and values can be assigned and accessed using
square brackets.
 No duplicate key is allowed.
 Keys are immutable. Key does not permits mutable objects like list.
 Example :

dict = {}
dict[‘one’] = “This is One”
dict[2] = “This is Two”
small_dict = {‘Name’:’John’, ‘Code’:’6734’, ‘Dept’:’sales’}

print(dict[‘one’]) # Prints value for key ‘one’

print(dict[2]) # Prints value for key 2
print(small_dict) # Prints complete dictionary small_dict
print(small_dict.keys()) # Prints all the keys of small_dict
print(small_dict.values() # Prints all the values of small_dict

Run all these lines of codes and observe output.

 We can update a dictionary by adding a new key-value pair or modifying
an existing entry :

dict1 = {‘Name’:’Tom’,’Age’:20,’Height’:160}
print(dict1)
dict1[‘Age’] = 25 # Updating
existing key-value pair
print(‘Dictionary after update : ’, dict1)

dict[‘Weight’] = 60 # Adding new

key-value pair
print(‘Dictionary after adding new key-value pair : ’, dict1)

Run all these lines of codes and observe output.

 We can delete the entire dictionary elements or individual elements.
 We can use del statement to delete the dictionary completely.

# Demo of deleting dictionary

dict1 = {‘Name’:’Tom’,’Age’:20,’Height’:160}
print(dict1)
del dict1[‘Age’] # Deleting key-value
pair ‘Age’:20
print(“Dictionary after deletion : ”, dict1)

dict1.clear() # Clearing
entire dictionary
print(dict1)