COMPONENTS

OF A
COMPUTER
SYSTEM
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, the students should be able to:

• Explain the different components of computer systems.

• Describe the role of each component in the functionality of the computer.

• Describe basic troubleshooting techniques and proper use of hardware and

software.
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
SYSTEM
01
HARDWARE
02
SOFTWARE

03
PEOPLEWARE
01
HARDWARE
• It is the physical equipment associated
with a computer system.
• This is the tangible components of the
computer system.
Four Primary Components of a Computer
Hardware System

a) Input Devices
b) Output Devices
c) Storage Devices
d) System Unit
INPUT DEVICES
Any hardware component
that allows the user to enter
data, execute commands
and user responses into the
computer. Basically, input
devices are used for data
entry.
 INPUT DEVICES

Keyboard Mouse
• the set of typewriter • invented by Douglas Engelbert
keys that in 1963, and pioneered by
enables you to enter data Zerox in 1970s, the mouse is a
in a device that controls the
computer. movement of the cursor or
pointer on a display screen.
 INPUT DEVICES

Joystick Microphone
• a device consisting of a • allows the computer to
handheld stick that pivots receive and record sound.
about one end and Necessary for voice
transmits its angle in two recognition software and any
dimensions to a computer. software that needs to record
sound.
 Barcode
Digital camera reader Webcam
• takes pictures without film • an optical scanning • a digital camera
and stores your snapshots device that reads texts capable of capturing
as digital files in its which have been images to a computer
memory. Later, you can converted into a special for transmission over
transfer your picture files bar code or zebra the Internet or other
to your PC through cable. stripes. network.
Drawing Tablet Scanner
• is similar to a white • an input device that
board, except you
takes in an optical
use a special pen to
image and digitizes it
write on it and it's
connected to the into an electronic
computer. Then the image. This can be
word or image you used to create a
draw can be saved computerized
on the computer. version of a photo or
 4 TYPES OF SCANNER

Flatbed Sheet-fed Handheld Drum

scanner scanner scanner scanner
a scanner that
a scanner that allows a scanner that is A type of scanner
provides a flat, glass
only paper to be moved across the used to capture the
surface to hold pages
scanned rather than image to be scanned highest resolution
of paper, books and
books or other thick by hand from an image.
other objects for
objects. It moves the
scanning. The scan
paper across a
head is moved under
stationary scan head.
the glass across the
 OUTPUT DEVICES

Any hardware component that

presents, displays, alters, or record
output after it has left a
computer’s system unit.
Monitor - it is the most popular output
device. It receive signals from video card
inside of the computer and gives the user a
graphical or textual display.
Speakers - are used to produce sounds,
listen to music, play music and watch
movies.
Printer - create images on paper, plastic,
cloth and other print media using
technologies like ink transfer, heat transfer,
chemical reactions and physical force.
TYPES OF PRINTERS
Laser Printer - uses toner and an internal
laser to print.

Inkjet or Bubble Jet Printers - uses

ink to print. Usually available in color.

Dot-Matrix Printer - creates characters

by striking pins against an ink ribbon. Each
pin makes a dot, and combinations of dots
form characters and illustrations.
STORAGE
DEVICES
These are important for keeping a
document for later retrieval and
use.
TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF STORAGE
DEVICES:
Primary Storage - is the main memory. In this memory, the data
used from processing and the programs to be read are stored.

ROM (Read Only Memory) - is a permanent

memory. The instructions stored can be changed and
will not get lost even if the power is switched off.

RAM (Random Access Memory) - is a

temporary memory. The information stored in it will
get lost once the computer is switched off or the
power is cut off.
Secondary Storage - is also called an external memory.

Hard Disk - it is a magnetic disk in the system unit of a

personal computer and is an external hard disk device.

CD-ROM - is an optical disk format used to hold texts, graphics

and sounds that are pre-recorded. It is small, flat metal-coated
plastic disc, about 4.75 inches in diameter. It stores information
by using a laser which creates pits on disc and is read by using
another laser to read the light reflected from the pins.

Flash Drives - is a type of compact USB memory drive that

acts like a portable hard drive, letting you to store and transport
computer data.
 SYSTEM UNIT
Part of the computer which is
responsible for accepting and
processing the data brought in by
the input devices, passing
resulting information to the users
via the output devices.
COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM UNIT:
Main Circuit Board - central nervous system.
Also called motherboard.

Port - is a connection from the main circuit board to

a peripheral device such as keyboard, printer or a
video monitor by means of a special cable. Also
called interface.

Expansion Slots - they are used to connect

expansion cards to the main circuit board. An
expansion card is a printed circuit card with circuitry
that gives the computer additional capabilities.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) - is the computer’s processing,
control and internal storage circuitry.

Bytes - unit of measurement in measuring memory

Hertz - unit of measurement in measuring speed
Bit - stands for binary digits. It is the basic unit of data recognized by
the computer.

1 Byte= 8 bits
1 Kilobytes (KB) = 1024 bytes
1 Megabytes (MB) = one million bytes
1 Gigabytes (GB) = one billion bytes
1 Terabytes (TB) = one trillion bytes
SOFTWARE • It is the programs and
data that a computer
uses.
• The software provides
the commands that
tell the hardware what
task topresentation
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 Kinds of Software
Software

Application Software System Software Utility Software

These are programs that The system software It is specifically designed
people use to get their includes all programs to help manage and tune
work done. used to operate and the computer hardware,
maintain the computer operating system or
system. It controls all application software, and
input/output functions perform a single task or
and coordinates the flow a small range of tasks.
of operations during
processing.
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Graphics and
Word Processor Spreadsheet Database Software
Presentation

● a software
● is a computer
● is a computer that helps a
● presents software
application user organize
business data package used
used for the data in a way
in a grid of to display
production of that allows
rows and information,
any sort of fast and easy
columns. normally in
printable access to the
the form of a
material. data.
slide show.

Examples: Examples:
Example:
Microsoft Word, Example: Microsoft Microsoft
Excel Microsoft
Microsoft Access, Oracle,
PowerPoint
Publisher MySQL
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Programming Languages
Operating System

• a set of computer programs that ● a software used to write or create

manage the hardware and software other programs or software.
resources of a computer.

Examples: Windows, Linux Examples: C/C++, Java, Visual Basic

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