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    Nutrigenomics Definition

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    Lutfi Aulia Supriyadi
    Nutrigenomics analyzes the effects of diet on gene activity and health, and the impact of genetics on dietary metabolism. It is a multidisciplinary field that studies nutrients as independent variables that influence gene expression. Nutrigenetics examines how genetic variation affects an individual's response to nutrients, including single nucleotide polymorphisms that may alter gene expression and protein function. Iron plays important roles in cellular processes as well as storage and transport in the body and cells.

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    Nutrigenomics Definition

    Uploaded by

    Lutfi Aulia Supriyadi
    290 views19 pages
    Nutrigenomics analyzes the effects of diet on gene activity and health, and the impact of genetics on dietary metabolism. It is a multidisciplinary field that studies nutrients as independent variables that influence gene expression. Nutrigenetics examines how genetic variation affects an individual's response to nutrients, including single nucleotide polymorphisms that may alter gene expression and protein function. Iron plays important roles in cellular processes as well as storage and transport in the body and cells.

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    Nutrigenomics analyzes the effects of diet on gene activity and health, and the impact of genetics on dietary metabolism. It is a multidisciplinary field that studies nutrients as independent variables that influence gene expression. Nutrigenetics examines how genetic variation affects an individual's response to nutrients, including single nucleotide polymorphisms that may alter gene expression and protein function. Iron plays important roles in cellular processes as well as storage and transport in the body and cells.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    290 views19 pages

    Nutrigenomics Definition

    Uploaded by

    Lutfi Aulia Supriyadi
    Nutrigenomics analyzes the effects of diet on gene activity and health, and the impact of genetics on dietary metabolism. It is a multidisciplinary field that studies nutrients as independent variables that influence gene expression. Nutrigenetics examines how genetic variation affects an individual's response to nutrients, including single nucleotide polymorphisms that may alter gene expression and protein function. Iron plays important roles in cellular processes as well as storage and transport in the body and cells.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    Nutrigenomics Definition

    Analyzing the effects of diet on the activity of on individuals genes and health and the effect of an individuals genes on metabolism of dietary chemicals Diet = nutritional science Activity of genes = molecular biology Individual = genetics/genomics Health = physiology

    A systems biology science : Multi disciplinary


    Nutrient is independent variable

    Nutrient

    Gene Expression

    Gene expression is independent variable

    Nutrigenetics Definition
    Effects of individual genetic variation in response to nutrient
    Most common form of variation Any two individuals share 99% of their DNA sequence 1. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 2. Changes in single base pair 3. Occur ~ 1 in every 1000bp of human genome

    SNPs may alter regulation of gene expression, mRNA processing (splicing, half-life etc) and protein activities

    Roles of Iron in the Cell


    Fe(III)2-Tf Tf

    Transferrin Receptors (TfR)

    Proteins: Catalysis Electron, oxygen transport [Fe] Structural stabilization Sensor of Fe, ROS Formation of protein-bound radicals

    [Fe]

    Storage and Sequestration: Ferritin

    [Fe] Toxicity: Oxidative stress

    An Overview of Iron Metabolism


    Low pH of stomach solubilizes Fe-containing ionic compounds. Fe transporters facilitate absorption into blood stream Fe3+ ions are bound and chelated by Transferrin (Tf). Transferrin transports Fe to tissues Maintains solubility Keeps Fe ions unreactive Transferrin endocytosis is receptor-mediated (TfR) Endocytosis results in Fe3+ release Fe is distributed to topologically distinct regions of the cell via Fe transporter and/or channels (?) Usage: Protein components (Heme) Storage: Ferritin (Fe2+) Toxicity

    Cells

    Blood

    Gut

    Sources
    Heme iron - animal ( 30%) Non Heme iron - vegetable, legumes etc.

    Absorption
    iron status regulated through absorption

    Increase
    Acid in stomach Heme iron High body demand Low body stores of iron Meat protein factors (MPF) - Vit C (converts ferri to ferro)
    -

    Decrease
    Phytic acid (dietary fibre) Oxalic acid Polyphenols (tea, coffee) Full body stores of iron Excess of other minerals (Zn, Mn,Ca) Reduction in stomach acid Antacid

    Iron in the intestinal lumen

    Enterocytes in the crypts

    Transport
    - Transferrin is a protein that transports iron in the blood

    - When iron stores are adequate all iron binding sites are saturated
    -Transferrin can be used as an indicator of overload or deficiency - Almost all cells in the body have transferrin receptor (TfR)

    - Serum soluble Tfr (sTfR) is a good indicator of deficiency.

    Internalisasi besi

    Tahap deplesi besi dan indikatornya

    Allen et al. 2000


    Suplementasi besi gagal karena tingginya prevalensi kurang gizi kronik dan defisiensi berbagai zat gizimikro lain

    Broek dan Lestky 2000

    Among anemic pregnant women only 53% showed biochemical evidence of iron deficiency.
    That is the maximum proportion of people among whom anemia could be expected to respond to the administration of iron

    vitamin yang berperan dalam kejadian anemia Vitamin B12 Defisiensi vitamin B12 dapat menyebabkan folat tertahan dalam bentuk 5-methyltetrahydrofolate karena aktivitas dari enzim methyonine sintase tergantung vitamin B12 terjadi defisiensi folat fungsional yang berkembang menjadi pengurangan folat vitamers yang dibutuhkan untuk sintesis dTMP dan terjadi reduksi availibilitas kelompok denovo methyl yang dibutuhkan untuk methylasi CpG, dan mengganggu ekspresi DNA Effek klinis awal dari gangguan defisiensi vitamin B akan menyebabkan anemia megaloblastik.

    Vit B12 lanjutan

    Vitamin B12 juga dibutuhkan untuk methylmalonyl coA-mutase, dan defisiensi dari locus ini akan menyebabkan kegagalan methylasi arginin residu protein dasar dari myelin dan menyebabkan degenerasi yang ireversibel dari system saraf. Anemi pernisiosa merupakan masalah yang serius dan tanda awal anemia megaloblastik dapat ditutupi dengan intake folat yang tinggi, hal ini yang mendasari kebijakan untuk fortifikasi folate. Defisiensi vitamin B12 dan asam folat yang terjadi bersama-sama akan berakibat pada integritas DNA

    Kelompok risiko tinggi anemia


    Ibu Hamil Ibu menyusui Bayi Balita Remaja ( t.u: putri) lansia

    Ibu hamil
    Kebutuhan energi meningkat:
    Suplai energi untuk peningkatan metabolisme Pembentukan jaringan ( bersama dengan protein ) Tambahan kurang lebih : 300 kalori/ hari dibanding wanita yg tidak hamil ( 2200-2500 kal)

    Kebutuhan ibu hamil lanjutan..


    Kebutuhan protein :
    Sumber utama pertumbuhan jaringan janin Pertumbuhan bayi cepat Perkembangan placenta Pertumbuhan jaringan mamma dan uterus Meningkatnya volume darah Cairan amnion Cadangan : selama hamil dan saat melahirkan

    Sumber makanan
    Protein komplit yang memiliki nilai biologis tinggi : susu, telur, keju, daging.
    Sumber : vitamin A, B, besi, calsium

    Protein inkomplit dari tanaman : sebagai tambahan:


    Sumber vitamin C, serat, PUFA, vitamin E, antioksidan, asam folat

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