Stairs

Topics

Definitions Proportioning Stairs Requirements of Good stair Types of Stairs Numerical

Definitions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Stair & Stair case or Stairwell or Stairway Flight Tread & Rise Going or Run Step Landing Balusters & Balustrade Hand rail Newel or Newel post Soffit Fliers & Winders Pitch or slope Waist slab

Definitions
1.

Stair & Stair case or Stairwell or Stairway

2.

Flight
1.

A building component which provides access from floor to floor is called stair. The space occupied by stair in a building is called Stair case or Stairwell or Stairway.
A series of steps without an intervening platform is called flight.

3.

Tread & Rise

The horizontal & vertical top surfaces of subcomponents (steps) of stair are called Tread & Rise.

Definitions
4.

Going or Run
4.

The horizontal distance between any two adjacent risers is called Going or Run. The combination of Tread & Rise is called Step.

5.

Step
4.

6.

Landing
4.

The horizontal platform provided between two flights is called landing

Definitions
7.
7.

Balusters & Balustrade

8.
1.

Hand Rail

The vertical members provided between steps and hand rail are called Balusters and the framework of handrail and balusters is called balustrade.
It is the Inclined member at convenient height (2-9 to 3) providing safeguard to user is called handrail The thicker baluster provided at start, turning and end of stair is called Newel or Newel post.

9.
1.

Newel or Newel post Soffit

10.

The under surface of stair is called soffit

Definitions
11.
1. 2.

Fliers & Winders

12.
1.

Pitch or slope
The inclination of line of nosing wrt floor or landing is called pitch.

13.

Waist slab
The concrete slab provided to support steps is called waist slab.

Proportioning Stairs
1. 2.

3.

4.

5.

The rise and run of a stair are determined by arbitrary rules given as follows. Sum of Rise & Run should not be less than 17 in or more than 18 in Twice the Rise + Run should not be less than 24 in or more than 25 in. The product of rise & run should not be less than 70 or more than 75. The product of rise and square root of run should be equal to 23.5.

Requirements of Good stair

A good stair should fulfill the following requirements It should be well proportionate and designed. It should be centrally located in residential buildings and a no of stairs should be provided at corners of a commercial or educational building. Fliers should be used. Pitch of stair should range between 25o to 40o. Minimum width of stair is 3-6 (1 m) No of steps should be 3 to 12 in one flight. Hand rail should be at convenient height i.e. 0.75 m to 0.85 m. Good material & workman ship should be used for construction. It should be ventilated and properly located.

Types of Stairs

Stairs can be classified as follows With respect to Layout With respect to Materials.

Types of Stairs
With respect to Layout Following are the types Straight flight Quarter turn Half turn Geometrical Circular Bifurcating Spiral

1. 2.

3.
4. 5.

6.
7.

Types of Stairs
1.
1.

Straight flight
This type of stairs run from one floor to other in one direction. Used for narrow staircases.

2.
1.

Quarter turn
It turn through 90o and used where width of staircase is more but length is limited.

3.
1.

Half turn
It turns through 180o it can be of three types
1.
2. 3.

Dog Legged Stair Open well with half space landing Open well with two quarter space landings

Types of Stairs
1.
1.

Geometrical
This stair in which a curved shape well is provided. Used for single or double story buildings.

2.
1.

Circular
This stair is constructed in a circular shape Stair case. Used where limited space is available.

3.
1. 2.

Bifurcating Stairs
Bottom flight is divided into two relativelly narrow flights. Used for assembly halls, railways foot bridges etc.

4.
1.

Spiral
Stair with a central post to support winder shaped steps provided all around the post.

Types of Stairs

With respect to Materials Wooden stairs Stone Stairs Metal Stairs RC Stairs Brick Stairs

Stair

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Spiral Stairs

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Wooden Stairs

Concrete Stairs

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Concrete Stairs

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Steel Stairs

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RC Slab & Beam Type Stairs

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RC Slab & Beam Type Stairs

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Brick Stairs

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Checkered Plates

(Non slippery plates)

Spiral Stairs

Spiral Stairs

Bifurcating Stairs

Spiral Stairs

WOODEN STAIRS

It consists of

Tongue & grove joints are provided between the tread & risers. Minimum size of stringer is 25 cm x 2.8 cm (10 x 1-1/4) Plank thickness for

Stringers Tread & Riser planks. (Fliers and Winders) Balusters and newel posts. Hand rail landing

Projected nosing should not be greater than the thickness of tread. Ornamental molding or other finishes can be used for nosing. USE Straight flight, quarter turn, half turn or as geometrical stairs

Tread = 3.2 cm (1-1/4) Riser = 1.6 cm (5/8)

Types of Stringers in Wooden stairs

Closed stringers

Straight edge planks covers the tread and risers. Stringers surface matches the tread rise formation Used for wide stairs as intermediate support for steps. Used in geometrical stairs

Open stringers

Rough stringers

Wreathed stringers

Stone Stairs

1.

It consists of dressed stone blocks or slabs. TYPES They are of three types.
Rectangular or square steps Rectangular or square blocks or stones. Rebated or checked joints are provided. Built up steps
5 cm (2) thick stone slabs are provided. Dowels and cramps in cs mortar are provided for strength.
2.

1.

Spandril steps
rebated stone blocks of triangular shapes are provided, used for regular flight.

Metal Stairs
PARTS

TYPES tread surface defines the types 1. Checkred plate tread stairs non slippery plate provided as tread. 2. Stone slab tread stairs stone slab is provided as tread 3. Concrete slab tread stairs concrete steps with metal nosing are provided. 4. Spiral Stairs it is provided as a central pipe newel and steps all arround. USE used where wear tear is more. Fire proof construction is required In factories, railway stations, power houses etc.

Stringers Treads and risers Non slippery metal plates

CONCRETE STAIRS

They can be of two types

PCC stairs RC stairs

PCC stairs are spandril type RC stairs are of three types.

Slab & beam type Cantilever type Slab type

Brick Stairs

Stairs made of brick masonry are called brick stairs 1-1/2 brick wide treads are provided Use in ordinary buildings.

Types of Joints in wood work

Tongue and grove joints Tannin and mortar joint Dove tail joints

Numerical

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

Stair Proportioning Given Data Story height = 2.62 m Total going = 2.75 m Find No of flights No. of steps Width of landing (if any) Sizes of riser and treads Type of building = residential

Solution

For residential buildings trial size of step 25 cm x 16 cm No of risers = (Total story height)/Riser = (2.62)/0.16 = 16.25 say 17 As no of risers are more than 12 so No of flights = 2 Steps in each flight = 8 Riser value = 2.62/16 = 16.375 cm Tread width = 400/16.375 = 24.4 cm say 25 cm No of goings in each flight = No of risers -1 = 8-1 = 7 Total going for steps= 0.25*7 = 1.75 m Width of landing = Total Going total Going for steps = 2.75-1.75 =1m CHECK As 55 cm 2R+G 60 cm 2(16.375)+0.25 = 57.75 cm ..

OK

Hand Rail & Balustrade

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Stairs

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