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Perception and Attention

Perception and Attention. Perception. Perception is the way people interpret and organise information from the world around them. Perception. Perception is influenced by: the perceiver. the target. the situation. Factors Influencing Perception. Factors in the Perceiver: attention.

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Perception and Attention

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  1. Perception and Attention Year 10 MYP Science

  2. Perception • Perception is the way people interpret and organise information from the world around them. Year 10 MYP Science

  3. Perception • Perception is influenced by: • the perceiver. • the target. • the situation. Year 10 MYP Science

  4. Factors Influencing Perception • Factors in the Perceiver: • attention. • expectations. • experience. • interest. • attitudes. • motives. Year 10 MYP Science

  5. Visual Perception Hazard perception clip http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/ If time http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot_feet_lin/index.html Year 10 MYP Science

  6. Factors Influencing Visual Perception • Factors in the Target: • colour • size. • background. • proximity. • motion. • shape. Year 10 MYP Science

  7. Find the T Year 10 MYP Science

  8. Find the T Year 10 MYP Science

  9. L L L L L L L L Find the Blue Letter Year 10 MYP Science

  10. L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Find the Blue Letter Year 10 MYP Science

  11. Find the vertical T Year 10 MYP Science

  12. Find the vertical T Year 10 MYP Science

  13. Find the vertical T Year 10 MYP Science

  14. Find the vertical T Year 10 MYP Science

  15. T L T T T T L L L L Find the Blue L Year 10 MYP Science

  16. T L T T L L L L L L T L L T L L T T T T L L T T L L L T T L L L T L L T L L L L T L L T L T L T L L L L L T T Find the Blue L Year 10 MYP Science

  17. 1200 1000 800 Conjunction 600 RT Feature 400 200 0 0 10 20 30 Number of Items What’s Going On? Year 10 MYP Science

  18. All Searches Are NOT Equal Year 10 MYP Science

  19. Year 10 MYP Science

  20. A B A Is More Difficult Than B Year 10 MYP Science

  21. Watch the Dial Watch for Light Why Is This Important? Year 10 MYP Science

  22. Year 10 MYP Science

  23. Attention Year 10 MYP Science

  24. ATTENTION Year 10 MYP Science

  25. Attention • Definition • Attention is the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things. • Related Concepts: • Alertness • Concentration • Selectivity Year 10 MYP Science

  26. Divided Attention -the ability to divide our attentional processing between more than one task. • Dual task experiments • Get people to perform multiple tasks and look at the effects on performance • Performance suffers, this shows limitations and nature of the human information-processing system Year 10 MYP Science

  27. Bottleneck Theories • All information gets into sensory register • Somewhere along the way, information is filtered or selected for attention • Only selected information makes it into awareness. Year 10 MYP Science

  28. Divided Attention Year 10 MYP Science

  29. Attention while driving List all the things you may need to attend to while driving in a car. Describe 3 things that may enhance your focus while driving Year 10 MYP Science

  30. Dual Task Performance • Divided attention is difficult when: • Tasks are similar • Tasks are difficult • When both tasks require conscious attention • Divided attention is easier when: • Tasks are dissimilar • Tasks are simple • When at least one of the tasks does not require conscious attention • Tasks are practiced Year 10 MYP Science

  31. Capacity Theories • Tasks take mental effort • We have limited mental effort to allocate to all demands on our attention Year 10 MYP Science

  32. Different Processes • Some tasks are easier to perform than others and don’t seem to affect attention • Especially tasks that are well practiced • Other tasks are tedious and require our conscious attention (white line fever) Year 10 MYP Science

  33. Cuing Attention • Give people a cue where a target will appear in the visual field • Manipulate the kind of cue • Valid Cue • Neutral Cue • Invalid Cue • How does cue affect performance? Year 10 MYP Science

  34. Results Invalid cues make it harder to attend to where you should be attending. Year 10 MYP Science

  35. Cues while driving • Turn signals • Road markings • Road signs • Cars Instruments Year 10 MYP Science

  36. Nearly 80 percent of all crashes and 65 percent of all near-crashes involved driver inattention (due to distraction, fatigue, or just looking away) just prior to (i.e., within 3 seconds) the onset of the conflict. • Visual inattention was a contributing factor for 93 percent of rear-endstriking crashes. Year 10 MYP Science

  37. Factors that may decrease attention while driving Distractions within the car: List 5 Distractions external to the car: List 5 Condition of the person driving: List 5 factors Year 10 MYP Science

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