Presentation Transcript

1. Air, Land, and Water Many of the phenomena that we observe on Earth involve interactions among components of air, water, and land.

2. Objective • Explain how the atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), and lithosphere (land) interact, evolve, and change.

3. Atmosphere • Nearly all the atmosphere is confined to a thin shell surrounding Earth.

4. What is the atmosphere made of? • The atmosphere is a mixture of gases, including nitrogen and oxygen with small amounts of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases.

5. What is the atmosphere made of?

6. Atmosphere • The atmosphere is stratified into layers

7. The Atmosphere

8. Weather occurs in the Troposphere

9. Altitude and Air Pressure • As altitude increases, air pressure decreases.

10. Altitude and Air Pressure • As altitude increases, air pressure decreases.

11. Altitude and Air Pressure • As altitude increases, air pressure decreases.

12. Lithosphere- “Rock Ball” • The rock at Earth’s surface forms a nearly continuous shell

13. Lithospheric Plates

14. Hydrosphere- “Water Ball” • The majority of the lithosphere is covered by a relatively thin layer of water called the hydrosphere.

15. Minerals • Rocks are composed of minerals. • Only a few rock-forming minerals make up most of the rocks of Earth.

16. Minerals

17. Identification of Minerals Streak • Minerals are identified on the basis of physical properties such as streak, hardness, and reaction to acid. Moh’s Hardness Scale

18. Fossils • Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rocks. • Fossils can be used to study past climates and environments.

19. Fossils • Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rocks. • Fossils can be used to study past climates and environments.

20. Fossils • Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rocks. • Fossils can be used to study past climates and environments.

21. Weathering and Erosion • The dynamic processes that wear away Earth’s surface include weathering and erosion.

22. Weathering • The process of weathering breaks down rocks to form sediment.

23. Erosion • Erosion is the transport of sediment. Gravity is the driving force behind erosion. • Gravity can act directly or through agents such as moving water, wind, and glaciers.

24. Soil • Soil consists of sediment, organic material, water, and air.

25. Water Cycle • Water circulates through the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere in what is • known as the water cycle.