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Low Emission Zone Feasibility In Bradford and Leeds – Weighing Up the Costs

Low Emission Zone Feasibility In Bradford and Leeds – Weighing Up the Costs. Both Cities have extensive areas exceeding the air quality objectives (Air Quality Management Areas) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

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Low Emission Zone Feasibility In Bradford and Leeds – Weighing Up the Costs

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  1. Low Emission Zone Feasibility In Bradford and Leeds – Weighing Up the Costs • Both Cities have extensive areas exceeding the air quality objectives (Air Quality Management Areas) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) • EU infractions proceedings against the UK for failure to meet air quality objectives commenced in Spring 2014 • The potential fines are estimated to be £1m/day. Provision in the Localism Act (2012) allows these fines to be passed to ‘responsible’ authorities • Man-made particulate pollution equivalent impact to 5-6% of all early deaths

  2. Health • Health research carried out in Bradford shows significant health impacts for NO2 and particulate matter (PM), these impacts are evidenced below the objective levels NO2 and PM has links with • Early deaths • Cardiopulmonary deaths • Coronary events • Low birth weight • Lung cancer (and other cancers e.g. bladder) • Childhood asthma development, restricted lung growth • Preterm births • Neurodevelopmental, IQ reductions in affected populations

  3. Low Emission Zones

  4. Low Emission Zone Feasibility Study • Data collection, all actual vehicles on routes in Bradford using ANPR data • Modelling of the baseline transport emissions, followed by scenario modelling • Health Impact Assessment • Cost Benefit Analysis

  5. Method - Model used for determining the populations affected and estimated health impacts Aim 2 Aim 1 6 HIA preliminary findings (March 2014)

  6. Studies Used - Health effects of PM 2.5 and NOx

  7. Health Impact Assessment – LEZ Feasibility Study

  8. Child Asthma Reduction

  9. pre EURO 4 buses and HGVs were upgraded to EURO 6 by 2016 (n.b. could implement multiple scenarios) 2012 baseline reductions in emissions from within Leeds and Bradford ORRs: 3.502 tonnes of PM2.5 per annum 352.28 tonnes of NOx per annum NPV cost of implementation: £6,300,000 (Ricardo AEA, 2014) A sample scenario • pre EURO 4 buses and HGVs were upgraded to EURO 6 by 2016 (n.b. could implement multiple scenarios) • 2012 baseline • reductions in emissions from within Leeds and Bradford ORRs: • 3.502 tonnes of PM2.5 per annum • 352.28 tonnes of NOx per annum • NPV cost of implementation: £6,300,000 (Ricardo AEA, 2014)

  10. A sample scenario’s health benefits

  11. Questions • Is prevention better than cure? • Can significant NHS savings can be achieved by implementing changes to transport policy • Is active travel another candidate for this type of analysis? • What are the difficulties in ‘invest to save’ decisions when the answers lie across different budgets (NHS and Local Government, private business)? • Should we be doing more to ensure health costs are fully factored into transport decisions?  Who should be driving this?

  12. Thank you for listening • Contacts • Sally Jones 01274 437004 [email protected] • Elizabeth Bates 01274 437120 [email protected]

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