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The Integumentary System

The Integumentary System. A. Skin 1. Anatomy 2. Physiology 3. Epidermis 4. Dermis B. Glands 1. Sebaceous (oil) glands 2. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands a. Eccrine b. Apocrine C. Thermoregulation:

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The Integumentary System

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  1. The Integumentary System • A. Skin 1. Anatomy 2. Physiology 3. Epidermis 4. Dermis • B. Glands 1. Sebaceous (oil) glands 2. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands a. Eccrine b. Apocrine • C. Thermoregulation: homeostasis of body temperature

  2. Cells Tissues Organs System • Integumentary System- Skin, hair, nails, glands, and enamel of teeth

  3. Integumentary System • 1. epidermis • 2. dermis • 3. derivatives _______________ • 4. hypodermis

  4. Skin Has 7 Functions • 1. regulation of body temperature • 2. protection • 3. sensation • 4. excretion • 5. immunity • 6. blood reservoir • 7. synthesis of vitamin D

  5. Epidermis • 1. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium • 2. four main cell types: a. keratinocytes (90%) b. melanocytes (about 8%) c. Langerhans cells (1%) d. Merkel cells (1%)

  6. Epidermal Layers • 1. stratum basale • 2. stratum spinosum • 3. stratum granulosum • 4. stratum lucidum • 5. stratum corneum ___________________ • keratinizing system Thick Skin

  7. Keratinizing System Keratin gives skin a waterproof, anti-microbial, and abrasion-resistant barrier 25-30 rows of fat dead cells filled with keratin 3-5 rows of clear, dead cells packed With eleidin-keratin intermediate Thick skin only 3-5 rows-begin producing keratohyalin 8-10 rows-derived from Keratinocytes below- receive Melanin. Mitotic zone-keratinocyte stem Cells, melanocytes and Merkel cells.

  8. EPIDERMAL LAYERS (the keratinizing system) thick skin exfoliation stratum corneum cell death keratin stratum lucidum eleidin keratinization stratum granulosum keratohyalin stratum spinosum mitosis stratum basale dermis

  9. The House Dust Mite-Dermatophagoides

  10. Dermis • 1. papillary • 2. reticular ____________ • functions Loose areolar tissue Elasticity, Extensibility, And Thermoregulation Dense irregular

  11. Skin Glands Axillary region, pubic, breasts, Beards in men. Viscous milky Fluid-no odor (eccrine) Most Common 90% water Thermo- regulation Sebum Secretion Combines with Sweat forms Acid mantle • Sebaceous (oil) glands • 2. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands • a. merocrine (eccrine) • b. apocrine

  12. Protective Functions of the Epidermis • 1. acid mantle • 2. role of keratin • 3. role of the stratum corneum • 4. role of the stratum granulosum

  13. Thermoregulation • 1. homeotherms vs poikilotherms • 2. arterio-venous (AV) plexuses AV plexus

  14. BODY TEMPERATURE CONTROL CONTROLLED CONDITION negative feedback A stimulus or stress disrupts homeostasis by causing an increase in body temperature RETURN TO HOMEOSTASIS Evaporation of sweat from skin removes body heat, thus lowering body temperature and mechanism turns off RECEPTOR Thermoreceptors in skin and hypothalamus are activated and send nerve impulses to the control center EFFECTORS • Increased sweat output • blood vessels vasodilate, bringing heat to body surface CONTROL CENTER Hypothalamic control center sends nerve impulses to sweat glands and skin blood vessels end

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