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China

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D
Donald Johnson

China has a long history and vast geography. It is home to over 1.4 billion people and has many diverse landscapes, from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau to the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. China has also undergone rapid modernization while still retaining cultural traditions. However, it has faced challenges including Western imperialism in the Opium Wars and current tensions over autonomy in regions like Tibet and Taiwan.

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An emerging superpower? China
China is one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations. The controversial Three Gorges Dam is nearing completion on the Yangtze River. The Great Wall is 4,163 miles long and took 200 years to complete. The Games of the XXIX Olympiad will be held in Beijing, China in August 2008.
Traditional vs. modern
Over 1.4 billion people live in China, most of whom live in its southeastern region. That's more than four times as many people as the United States.
Population Pyramid Describe how the population trends were altered by the Cultural Revolution.
Beijing's Tiananmen Square
The Temple of Heaven
The People’s Liberation Army The PLA has been rapidly modernizing, but reducing the size of its military force. Recruit training
Physical Map
Grasslands of Chengde, Hebei Province, North China.
Qinling Forming one of the natural geographical dividing lines between North and South China, Qinling Range generally refers to the section in ShanXi Province . From Professor Kang Yu-yi's Gallery
Qinling Mountains The Giant Panda lives in mountainous regions, such as the Qinling in the Sichuan province. The panda has become an informal national emblem for China and engraved on its gold coins.
Qinling Pandas Only around 1,600 pandas are believed to live in the wild, with some 300 of the sub-species living in the Qinling mountains, while the other 1,300 giant pandas live elsewhere in China, Xinhua said in a separate report.
 
Kunlun Mountains These mountains, in Chinese mythology, are believed to be Taoist paradise. According to the legends, King Mu (1001-947 BCE) of the Zhou Dynasty visited this paradise first. There, at the Jade Palace of Huang-Di, he met the mythical Yellow Emperor and originator of Chinese culture.
Huang He (Yellow River) The headwaters of the Huang He lie in the Kunlun Mountains in northwestern Qinghai Province. China’s second- longest river originates at an elevation of 4,500 m in the Yueguzonglie Basin located on the northern slope of the Bayankara Mountains in the Tibetan Plateau.
Hwang He The Hwang He is notable for the amount of silt it carries, 1.6 billion tons where it emerges from the Loess Plateau .
Ching Jiang – Yangtze River Rising in the mountains above Tibet, the the Ching Jiang receives water from 700 tributaries as it sweeps almost 4,000 miles across the country to empty its muddy waters into the East China Sea.
 
Engineers are busy building the Three Gorges Dam. Widely regarded as one of the most beautiful areas in the world, the Three Gorges are home to a number of rare species, ancient temples and burial grounds, as well as millions of people. Three Gorges
Tibet “The rooftop of the world”
Tibetan Plateau
Tibetan Plateau Treeless except in the southeastern river valleys, it supports a range of alpine vegetation types that includes meadow, steppe, and cold desert at elevations from 3,500 to 6,000 m.
The Potala Palace in Tibet
Dalai Lama Tibet was the birthplace of Lobsang Rampa, the Dalai Lama, who has lived in Dharmsala in neighboring India since the Chinese invasion in 1959. The Dalai Lama is an inspirational teacher and world figure, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989 for his non-violent resistance to occupation of Tibet.
Sun Yat-sen At the 1924 inauguration of the Whampoa Military Academy, Sun Yat-sen delivered a speech that would later become the lyrics of the ROC's national Anthem.
Taiwan The name of this island in East Asia is also commonly used to refer to the territories administered by the Republic of China (ROC), a state which governs the island of Taiwan, Lanyu, Green Island, the Pescadores, Kinmen and the Matsu Islands.
Taiwan Following the Communist victory on the mainland in 1949, 2 million Nationalists fled to Taiwan and established a government using the 1946 constitution drawn up for all of China. High school students celebrate Taiwan's national day near the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall in Taipei.
Republic of Formosa The flag for the Republic of Formosa , 1895, depicting a tiger. This flag is also called "Flag of Blue Ground and Yellow Tiger". In 1895 the Japanese defeated the Manchu's in the Sino-Japanese War, and in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, China ceded Taiwan to Japan in perpetuity. The Taiwanese didn't like this idea, and actually declared the formation of the first independent republic in Asia, the Democratic Republic of Taiwan.
Independence ? High school students celebrate Taiwan's national day near the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall in Taipei. (AP/Eddie Shih) Taiwan's Premier Frank Hsieh dismissed a proposal reportedly put forth by Beijing for Taiwan to take part in the World Health Assembly (WHA) under the name of "Taiwan, China." A divide in Taiwanese politics has emerged between the Pan-Blue Coalition of parties led by the Kuomintang, favoring eventual Chinese reunification, and the Pan-Green Coalition of parties led by the Democratic Progressive Party, favoring eventual Taiwan independence.
Opium Wars 1839–42 and 1856–60, two wars between China and Western countries. The first was between Great Britain and China. Early in the 19th cent., British merchants began smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchases of tea for export to Britain.
Nemesis sinks Chinese junks In this naval battle, described as a victory by Chinese propagandists, in November 1839 the Royal Navy sank a number of Chinese vessels near Guangzhou.
Treaty of Nanking The Treaty of Nanking ( 南京條約 ) is the agreement which marked the end of the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and China . In the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, the first treaty in the modern history of China, London gained Hong Kong island as a reparation from the Qing Court, desperate to stave off escalation of the military conflict then underway.
Hong Kong On July 1, 1997, the People's Republic of China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, ending more than 150 years of British colonial control.
Autonomous region Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the PRC with a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs.
Free market economy
Aerial View of Hong Kong
Political freedom? According to the Sino-British Joint Declaration (1984) and the Basic Law - Hong Kong's mini- constitution - for 50 years after reversion Hong Kong will retain its political, economic, and judicial systems and unique way of life and continue to participate in international agreements and organizations as a dependent territory.
China Links http://www.1vacation.com/yangtze.html http://www.cits.dk/kina/yrc.htm http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/profiles/photos/pa/pa0434a.html http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/photos/pa/pa1011a.html http://assets.panda.org/img/original/pandahabitat_map3.jpg http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/t/tw-1895.gif http://cta.yam.org.tw/cta31.htm http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/asia_pacific/where/china/wwf_china_conservation/qinling/index.cfm http://www.victorianweb.org/history/empire/opiumwars/opiumwars1.html http://www.columbia.edu/~bcp26/web-pages/problems.html

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China

  • 2. China is one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations. The controversial Three Gorges Dam is nearing completion on the Yangtze River. The Great Wall is 4,163 miles long and took 200 years to complete. The Games of the XXIX Olympiad will be held in Beijing, China in August 2008.
  • 4. Over 1.4 billion people live in China, most of whom live in its southeastern region. That's more than four times as many people as the United States.
  • 5. Population Pyramid Describe how the population trends were altered by the Cultural Revolution.
  • 7. The Temple of Heaven
  • 8. The People’s Liberation Army The PLA has been rapidly modernizing, but reducing the size of its military force. Recruit training
  • 10. Grasslands of Chengde, Hebei Province, North China.
  • 11. Qinling Forming one of the natural geographical dividing lines between North and South China, Qinling Range generally refers to the section in ShanXi Province . From Professor Kang Yu-yi's Gallery
  • 12. Qinling Mountains The Giant Panda lives in mountainous regions, such as the Qinling in the Sichuan province. The panda has become an informal national emblem for China and engraved on its gold coins.
  • 13. Qinling Pandas Only around 1,600 pandas are believed to live in the wild, with some 300 of the sub-species living in the Qinling mountains, while the other 1,300 giant pandas live elsewhere in China, Xinhua said in a separate report.
  • 14.  
  • 15. Kunlun Mountains These mountains, in Chinese mythology, are believed to be Taoist paradise. According to the legends, King Mu (1001-947 BCE) of the Zhou Dynasty visited this paradise first. There, at the Jade Palace of Huang-Di, he met the mythical Yellow Emperor and originator of Chinese culture.
  • 16. Huang He (Yellow River) The headwaters of the Huang He lie in the Kunlun Mountains in northwestern Qinghai Province. China’s second- longest river originates at an elevation of 4,500 m in the Yueguzonglie Basin located on the northern slope of the Bayankara Mountains in the Tibetan Plateau.
  • 17. Hwang He The Hwang He is notable for the amount of silt it carries, 1.6 billion tons where it emerges from the Loess Plateau .
  • 18. Ching Jiang – Yangtze River Rising in the mountains above Tibet, the the Ching Jiang receives water from 700 tributaries as it sweeps almost 4,000 miles across the country to empty its muddy waters into the East China Sea.
  • 19.  
  • 20. Engineers are busy building the Three Gorges Dam. Widely regarded as one of the most beautiful areas in the world, the Three Gorges are home to a number of rare species, ancient temples and burial grounds, as well as millions of people. Three Gorges
  • 21. Tibet “The rooftop of the world”
  • 23. Tibetan Plateau Treeless except in the southeastern river valleys, it supports a range of alpine vegetation types that includes meadow, steppe, and cold desert at elevations from 3,500 to 6,000 m.
  • 24. The Potala Palace in Tibet
  • 25. Dalai Lama Tibet was the birthplace of Lobsang Rampa, the Dalai Lama, who has lived in Dharmsala in neighboring India since the Chinese invasion in 1959. The Dalai Lama is an inspirational teacher and world figure, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989 for his non-violent resistance to occupation of Tibet.
  • 26. Sun Yat-sen At the 1924 inauguration of the Whampoa Military Academy, Sun Yat-sen delivered a speech that would later become the lyrics of the ROC's national Anthem.
  • 27. Taiwan The name of this island in East Asia is also commonly used to refer to the territories administered by the Republic of China (ROC), a state which governs the island of Taiwan, Lanyu, Green Island, the Pescadores, Kinmen and the Matsu Islands.
  • 28. Taiwan Following the Communist victory on the mainland in 1949, 2 million Nationalists fled to Taiwan and established a government using the 1946 constitution drawn up for all of China. High school students celebrate Taiwan's national day near the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall in Taipei.
  • 29. Republic of Formosa The flag for the Republic of Formosa , 1895, depicting a tiger. This flag is also called "Flag of Blue Ground and Yellow Tiger". In 1895 the Japanese defeated the Manchu's in the Sino-Japanese War, and in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, China ceded Taiwan to Japan in perpetuity. The Taiwanese didn't like this idea, and actually declared the formation of the first independent republic in Asia, the Democratic Republic of Taiwan.
  • 30. Independence ? High school students celebrate Taiwan's national day near the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall in Taipei. (AP/Eddie Shih) Taiwan's Premier Frank Hsieh dismissed a proposal reportedly put forth by Beijing for Taiwan to take part in the World Health Assembly (WHA) under the name of "Taiwan, China." A divide in Taiwanese politics has emerged between the Pan-Blue Coalition of parties led by the Kuomintang, favoring eventual Chinese reunification, and the Pan-Green Coalition of parties led by the Democratic Progressive Party, favoring eventual Taiwan independence.
  • 31. Opium Wars 1839–42 and 1856–60, two wars between China and Western countries. The first was between Great Britain and China. Early in the 19th cent., British merchants began smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchases of tea for export to Britain.
  • 32. Nemesis sinks Chinese junks In this naval battle, described as a victory by Chinese propagandists, in November 1839 the Royal Navy sank a number of Chinese vessels near Guangzhou.
  • 33. Treaty of Nanking The Treaty of Nanking ( 南京條約 ) is the agreement which marked the end of the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and China . In the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, the first treaty in the modern history of China, London gained Hong Kong island as a reparation from the Qing Court, desperate to stave off escalation of the military conflict then underway.
  • 34. Hong Kong On July 1, 1997, the People's Republic of China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, ending more than 150 years of British colonial control.
  • 35. Autonomous region Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the PRC with a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs.
  • 37. Aerial View of Hong Kong
  • 38. Political freedom? According to the Sino-British Joint Declaration (1984) and the Basic Law - Hong Kong's mini- constitution - for 50 years after reversion Hong Kong will retain its political, economic, and judicial systems and unique way of life and continue to participate in international agreements and organizations as a dependent territory.
  • 39. China Links http://www.1vacation.com/yangtze.html http://www.cits.dk/kina/yrc.htm http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/profiles/photos/pa/pa0434a.html http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/photos/pa/pa1011a.html http://assets.panda.org/img/original/pandahabitat_map3.jpg http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/t/tw-1895.gif http://cta.yam.org.tw/cta31.htm http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/asia_pacific/where/china/wwf_china_conservation/qinling/index.cfm http://www.victorianweb.org/history/empire/opiumwars/opiumwars1.html http://www.columbia.edu/~bcp26/web-pages/problems.html