respiratory system PowerPoint 2015.ppt

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The human respiratory system allows for the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide through the process of breathing. Breathing involves two phases - inspiration where air enters, and expiration where air exits. The respiratory system includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood in the lungs and the alveoli through gas exchange. The respiratory cycle and four processes of respiration work together to oxygenate tissues and remove carbon waste through cellular respiration in the tissues.

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
EXCHANGE OF GASES

What is Human Respiration?
 The human respiratory system allows one to
obtain oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.
 Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration
and expiration
 Inspiration- the process of taking in air
(O2)
 Expiration- the process of blowing out air
(CO2)

Organs in the Respiratory System
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
nose / nasal cavity
warms, moistens, & filters air as it is
inhaled
pharynx (throat) passageway for air, leads to trachea
larynx
the voice box, where vocal chords are
located
trachea (windpipe)
keeps the windpipe "open"
trachea is lined with fine hairs called
cilia which filter air before it reaches the
lungs
bronchi
two branches at the end of the trachea,
each lead to a lung
bronchioles
a network of smaller branches leading from
the bronchi into the lung tissue &
ultimately to air sacs
alveoli
the functional respiratory units in the lung
where gases are exchanged

Components of the Upper
Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.2

 Passageway for respiration
 Receptors for smell
 Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign
material
 Moistens and warms incoming air
 Resonating chambers for voice (voice box)
Upper Respiratory Tract Functions

Components of the Lower
Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.3

 Functions:
 Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food
and air appropriately, assists in sound production
 Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
 Bronchi: branch into lungs
 Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange
 Alveoli: Gas exchange occurs
Lower Respiratory Tract

Gas Exchange Between the Blood
and Alveoli
Figure 10.8A

 Breathing (ventilation): Oxygen in to and Carbon
Dioxide out of the lungs
 External respiration: gas exchange between air
and blood (what can be exposed to the outside
of the body)
 Internal respiration: gas exchange between
blood and tissues (what cannot be exposed to
the outside of the body)
 Cellular respiration: oxygen used to produce ATP
(energy), carbon dioxide is the waste product –
Where does this process occur?
Four Respiration Processes

Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System
asthma
A severe allergic reaction
characterized by the
constriction of bronchioles
bronchitis
Inflammation of the lining of
the bronchioles
emphysema
A condition in which the alveoli
deteriorate, causing the lungs
to lose their elasticity
pneumonia
Caused by the bacteria,
pneumococcus. A condition in
which the alveoli become filled
with fluid, preventing the
exchange of gases
lung cancer
An irregular & uncontrolled
growth of tumors in the lung

Measurement of Lung Capacity
Figure 10.10A

This document discusses the human respiratory system and the process of respiration. It describes the major organs of the respiratory system, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. It explains that the respiratory system allows for the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. The document outlines the two phases of breathing - inspiration and expiration. It also discusses gas exchange that occurs between the blood and alveoli, and lists some common malfunctions and diseases of the respiratory system like asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and pneumonia.

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2. What is Human Respiration?  The human respiratory system allows one to obtain oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.  Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration and expiration  Inspiration- the process of taking in air (O2)  Expiration- the process of blowing out air (CO2)

3. Human Respiratory System Figure 10.1

4. Organs in the Respiratory System STRUCTURE FUNCTION nose / nasal cavity warms, moistens, & filters air as it is inhaled pharynx (throat) passageway for air, leads to trachea larynx the voice box, where vocal chords are located trachea (windpipe) keeps the windpipe "open" trachea is lined with fine hairs called cilia which filter air before it reaches the lungs bronchi two branches at the end of the trachea, each lead to a lung bronchioles a network of smaller branches leading from the bronchi into the lung tissue & ultimately to air sacs alveoli the functional respiratory units in the lung where gases are exchanged

5. Components of the Upper Respiratory Tract Figure 10.2

6.  Passageway for respiration  Receptors for smell  Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign material  Moistens and warms incoming air  Resonating chambers for voice (voice box) Upper Respiratory Tract Functions

7. Components of the Lower Respiratory Tract Figure 10.3

8.  Functions:  Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production  Trachea: transports air to and from lungs  Bronchi: branch into lungs  Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange  Alveoli: Gas exchange occurs Lower Respiratory Tract

9. Gas Exchange Between the Blood and Alveoli Figure 10.8A

10. Respiratory Cycle Figure 10.9

11.  Breathing (ventilation): Oxygen in to and Carbon Dioxide out of the lungs  External respiration: gas exchange between air and blood (what can be exposed to the outside of the body)  Internal respiration: gas exchange between blood and tissues (what cannot be exposed to the outside of the body)  Cellular respiration: oxygen used to produce ATP (energy), carbon dioxide is the waste product – Where does this process occur? Four Respiration Processes

12. Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System asthma A severe allergic reaction characterized by the constriction of bronchioles bronchitis Inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles emphysema A condition in which the alveoli deteriorate, causing the lungs to lose their elasticity pneumonia Caused by the bacteria, pneumococcus. A condition in which the alveoli become filled with fluid, preventing the exchange of gases lung cancer An irregular & uncontrolled growth of tumors in the lung

13. Measurement of Lung Capacity Figure 10.10A

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