A presentation on non verbal part of communication skills. This can be also used as a teaching way or for presentation purpose. From history to in depth analysis is being done on this topic.
The document discusses body language and nonverbal communication. It describes how body language conveys meaning through gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, smiling, hand gestures, arm and leg positions, and posture. Specific gestures and their potential meanings are examined, such as crossed arms indicating defensiveness while open arms suggest openness. Body language provides important cues about people's emotions and attitudes beyond what is said verbally.
This document outlines the timeline of major developments in the historical foundations of mental health nursing from ancient civilizations through to modern times. It traces the evolution from viewing mental illness as spiritual possession and locking people away without care, to the establishment of asylums and early attempts at humane treatment. Key developments included the emergence of psychiatric nursing as a profession, pharmacological treatments, deinstitutionalization, and integration of mental health services. The timeline shows how attitudes and approaches to mental illness and its treatment have changed significantly over centuries.
This document provides an overview of security analysis, which involves analyzing tradeable financial instruments like stocks, bonds, and derivatives. It discusses the main approaches to security analysis: fundamental analysis and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis examines underlying business and economic factors, while technical analysis focuses on price trends and momentum. The document then goes into more detail about fundamental analysis and the three steps involved: economic analysis, industry analysis, and company analysis. It provides examples of key variables to consider in each type of analysis.
The document summarizes the results of a cross-country analysis conducted by IFPRI on the impacts of global shocks from the Russia-Ukraine war on poverty and food security in 19 countries. The analysis found that:
- Household incomes fell substantially more than GDP in most countries due to higher food, fuel and fertilizer prices. This led to 27 million more people in poverty.
- Food insecurity increased, with 22 million more people found to be undernourished. Diet quality also deteriorated for 50 million lower-income people.
- Rural populations were generally impacted more severely by fertilizer price increases, while fuel price rises affected urban populations more.
- Most countries saw only modest
The document discusses the concept of proxemics, which is the study of how people use physical space in social interactions and communications. It notes that space is used to signal power, status, and relationships. It outlines Edward T. Hall's model of four distinct interpersonal distance zones - intimate, personal, social, and public - and discusses behavioral norms and communication styles appropriate for each zone.
The document discusses haptics, or touch communication. It explains that haptics is an important form of non-verbal communication, conveying meaning through physical contact and touch. The document outlines different types of haptic behavior, including functional/professional touch in work settings, social/polite touch in greetings, friendship/warm touch between close friends, and love/intimacy touch in romantic relationships. It also discusses research that identified 18 meanings of touch grouped into categories like positive affect, playfulness, control, ritual, task-related, and accidental.
The document summarizes key developments in architecture and culture from the Paleolithic to Neolithic periods. During the Paleolithic, humans lived in caves and constructed basic huts, developed stone tools, and created cave paintings. The Mesolithic saw the introduction of villages and more sophisticated tools. In the Neolithic, permanent settlements emerged along with agriculture, domestication of animals, and pottery and weaving. Dwellings became more substantial as timber framed houses and structures like Skara Brae were constructed. Megalithic sites including passage graves and Stonehenge also began to be built.
Proxemics is the study of how people use and perceive personal space and distance in different cultural and social situations. It examines interpersonal distances in contexts like embracing, casual conversations, public speaking, and between strangers. The term was coined by anthropologist Edward T. Hall in 1963 to describe the subconscious spatial distances people maintain and interpret for non-verbal communication. Proxemics research categorizes distances into intimate, personal, social, and public zones used in various cultures and situations.
Proxemics is the study of measurable distances between people as they interact and how use of space can impact comfort levels. There are different zones of personal space including intimate, personal, social, and public distances. Cultural differences also impact comfort with proximity. Proxemics research examines topics like crowding and how density, interaction levels, control, and other factors influence perceptions of space. Environmental psychology further studies relationships between the physical environment and human behavior, seeking to understand and address issues like noise pollution, density, and feelings of crowding.
Proxemics is the study of how humans use space and distance in communication. It is a subcategory of nonverbal communication. There are four distances in proxemics defined by Hall: intimate, personal, social, and public. Intimate distance is closest at 0-18 inches while public is furthest at 12-25 feet. Spaces are also categorized as fixed features like buildings, semi-fixed features like furniture arrangements, and informal spaces around individuals. Personal space and territoriality play important roles in communication and relationships between people. Understanding proxemics provides insights into human behavior and interaction.
This document discusses different types of non-verbal communication, including body language, space, time, paralanguage, color, physical context, and silence. It describes how body language includes facial expressions, gestures, postures, and physical appearance. Space refers to the distance between individuals, which varies between cultures. Paralanguage conveys meaning through vocal qualities like rate, tone, and pitch. Color and physical context can influence communication through things like office decor and layout. Finally, silence itself can transmit inner thoughts and attitudes.
This document discusses two aspects of non-verbal communication: proxemics and chronemics. Proxemics refers to the study of how people use and perceive physical space in social interactions. There are four categories of personal space: intimate, personal, social, and public. Chronemics is the study of how time is used in communication and how perceptions of time can vary across cultures. For example, the acceptability of tardiness differs between cultures. Together, proxemics and chronemics provide insight into non-verbal cues involving space and time in interpersonal interactions and relationships.
Communication is the sharing of ideas, concepts, feelings and emotions between a sender and receiver. It is a two-way process involving a message from the sender to the receiver, and feedback from the receiver back to the sender. While words account for only 7% of communication, tone, volume and other non-verbal cues like body language, facial expressions and movements account for 55% or more. Effective communication aims to avoid misunderstandings through understanding both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication, as well as overcoming barriers like noise, assumptions and emotions.
This document discusses kinesics, which is the study of body language and non-verbal communication. It describes several aspects of kinesics including personal appearance, posture, eye contact, proxemics, chronemics, and paralinguistics. Personal appearance, posture, and eye contact send messages about how we present ourselves and relate to others. Proxemics refers to the use of space in communication. Chronemics involves how time is used to convey information. Paralinguistics features include vocal cues like volume and pitch.
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION IN PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL LIFEHome
Communication is fundamental to the existence and
survival of humans as well as to an organization. It is a
process of creating and sharing ideas, information, views,
facts, feelings, etc. among the people to reach a common
understanding.
Kinesics refers to body language and nonverbal communication. It involves the interpretation of gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, posture, and other body motions. These elements of kinesics help convey additional meaning beyond words. Personal appearance, facial expressions, gestures of the head, posture, eye contact, and hand gestures are some of the key elements of body language explored in the document. Together, they can reveal emotions and personalities while emphasizing or reinforcing verbal messages.
True courtesy involves being aware of others' perspectives and feelings. It grows from respect and concern for others, not just mechanical politeness. Courtesy rules include being thoughtfully tactful, using respectful expressions, and choosing non-discriminatory language. Particularly when communicating with Asian cultures, a soft, polite written and oral approach is appreciated.
Non-verbal communication refers to communicating without words through body language, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, posture, space and time. It provides important context and meanings alongside or even instead of verbal communication. The document discusses the differences between verbal and non-verbal communication. It describes various types of non-verbal communication like kinesics (body language), proxemics (space and time), and para language. Specific aspects of non-verbal communication such as gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, personal space and time are examined in detail.
Ray Birdwhistell founded kinesics, the study of body language and non-verbal communication through gestures, postures, eye contact and facial expressions. He observed that certain movements serve as forms of communication without words and can differ between cultures or religions. Kinesics examines emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators and adaptors to understand the meanings behind physical behaviors. Birdwhistell passed away in 1994 from liver cancer.
Oral communication refers to expressing information or ideas through spoken words. It has several advantages, such as allowing for high understanding, flexibility, quick decision-making, and problem resolution. However, it also has disadvantages like being less formal than written communication and risking misunderstandings. Effective oral communication requires clear pronunciation, brevity, precision, and logical sequencing. Common types of oral communication include face-to-face interactions, video conferencing, telephone calls, interviews, group discussions, presentations, and grapevine gossip.
This document discusses communication through spaces and symbols. It explains that communication involves transferring information through different channels. It then describes the four types of social spaces defined by proxemics: intimate space (touching to 18 inches), personal space (18 inches to 4 feet), social space (4 to 12 feet), and public space (12 feet and beyond). Each space has a different language and level of formality in communication. The document also discusses how symbols can communicate meanings and provides examples of logos that convey additional hidden meanings beyond just representing brands.
Eye contact is a form of nonverbal communication that signifies interest and influences social behavior. Maintaining eye contact with audience members for 3-5 seconds shows them that the speaker is interested in them and helps the audience feel engaged, while too much staring can make people uncomfortable. Eye contact contributes to perceptions of credibility, honesty, and connection between speaker and audience.
This document discusses and compares verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication involves the use of spoken or written words to transfer information, while non-verbal communication conveys messages without words through gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, and other means. Both types of communication have advantages and disadvantages. Verbal communication allows for personal interaction but words can be forgotten, while non-verbal communication helps communicate emotions and overcome language barriers but cannot be used for public communication.
This document outlines key concepts related to intrapersonal and interpersonal communication. It discusses self-concept, perception, expectations, and motivation as aspects of intrapersonal communication. Interpersonal communication is defined as communication between two or more people. The benefits of strong interpersonal relationships include trust, acceptance, support, having someone to listen and provide understanding. Good interpersonal skills can provide referrals, reduce stress, and increase happiness. The Johari window model is presented as a tool for understanding self-awareness and improving communication and relationships.
Extrapersonal communication is communication between humans and non-human entities. It includes communication with animals through training, communication with plants through touch responses, and developing communication with robots and machines. As artificial intelligence advances, human-robot communication is increasing through voice assistants, robots that play video games, and robot secretaries that greet people and continue conversations. However, challenges remain as people may have inflated expectations of robots' knowledge and want them to display human-like emotions and opinions.
This document discusses non-verbal communication and proxemics. It explains that non-verbal communication conveys messages through body language, facial expressions, and physical distance. Culture influences the interpretation of non-verbal cues, with low-context cultures placing less emphasis and high-context cultures placing more. Proxemics refers to the space between people during interaction and identifies four distances: intimate (0-2ft), personal (2-4ft), social (4-12ft), and public (>12ft). Eye contact is another important non-verbal cue that can indicate interest, trustworthiness, involvement and attention but its interpretation varies between cultures and religions.
Proxemics is the study of how people use and perceive personal space and distance in different cultural and social situations. It examines interpersonal distances in contexts like embracing, casual conversations, public speaking, and between strangers. The term was coined by anthropologist Edward T. Hall in 1963 to describe the subconscious spatial distances people maintain and interpret for non-verbal communication. Proxemics research categorizes distances into intimate, personal, social, and public zones used in various cultures and situations.
Proxemics is the study of measurable distances between people as they interact and how use of space can impact comfort levels. There are different zones of personal space including intimate, personal, social, and public distances. Cultural differences also impact comfort with proximity. Proxemics research examines topics like crowding and how density, interaction levels, control, and other factors influence perceptions of space. Environmental psychology further studies relationships between the physical environment and human behavior, seeking to understand and address issues like noise pollution, density, and feelings of crowding.
Proxemics is the study of how humans use space and distance in communication. It is a subcategory of nonverbal communication. There are four distances in proxemics defined by Hall: intimate, personal, social, and public. Intimate distance is closest at 0-18 inches while public is furthest at 12-25 feet. Spaces are also categorized as fixed features like buildings, semi-fixed features like furniture arrangements, and informal spaces around individuals. Personal space and territoriality play important roles in communication and relationships between people. Understanding proxemics provides insights into human behavior and interaction.
This document discusses different types of non-verbal communication, including body language, space, time, paralanguage, color, physical context, and silence. It describes how body language includes facial expressions, gestures, postures, and physical appearance. Space refers to the distance between individuals, which varies between cultures. Paralanguage conveys meaning through vocal qualities like rate, tone, and pitch. Color and physical context can influence communication through things like office decor and layout. Finally, silence itself can transmit inner thoughts and attitudes.
This document discusses two aspects of non-verbal communication: proxemics and chronemics. Proxemics refers to the study of how people use and perceive physical space in social interactions. There are four categories of personal space: intimate, personal, social, and public. Chronemics is the study of how time is used in communication and how perceptions of time can vary across cultures. For example, the acceptability of tardiness differs between cultures. Together, proxemics and chronemics provide insight into non-verbal cues involving space and time in interpersonal interactions and relationships.
Communication is the sharing of ideas, concepts, feelings and emotions between a sender and receiver. It is a two-way process involving a message from the sender to the receiver, and feedback from the receiver back to the sender. While words account for only 7% of communication, tone, volume and other non-verbal cues like body language, facial expressions and movements account for 55% or more. Effective communication aims to avoid misunderstandings through understanding both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication, as well as overcoming barriers like noise, assumptions and emotions.
This document discusses kinesics, which is the study of body language and non-verbal communication. It describes several aspects of kinesics including personal appearance, posture, eye contact, proxemics, chronemics, and paralinguistics. Personal appearance, posture, and eye contact send messages about how we present ourselves and relate to others. Proxemics refers to the use of space in communication. Chronemics involves how time is used to convey information. Paralinguistics features include vocal cues like volume and pitch.
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION IN PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL LIFEHome
Communication is fundamental to the existence and
survival of humans as well as to an organization. It is a
process of creating and sharing ideas, information, views,
facts, feelings, etc. among the people to reach a common
understanding.
Kinesics refers to body language and nonverbal communication. It involves the interpretation of gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, posture, and other body motions. These elements of kinesics help convey additional meaning beyond words. Personal appearance, facial expressions, gestures of the head, posture, eye contact, and hand gestures are some of the key elements of body language explored in the document. Together, they can reveal emotions and personalities while emphasizing or reinforcing verbal messages.
True courtesy involves being aware of others' perspectives and feelings. It grows from respect and concern for others, not just mechanical politeness. Courtesy rules include being thoughtfully tactful, using respectful expressions, and choosing non-discriminatory language. Particularly when communicating with Asian cultures, a soft, polite written and oral approach is appreciated.
Non-verbal communication refers to communicating without words through body language, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, posture, space and time. It provides important context and meanings alongside or even instead of verbal communication. The document discusses the differences between verbal and non-verbal communication. It describes various types of non-verbal communication like kinesics (body language), proxemics (space and time), and para language. Specific aspects of non-verbal communication such as gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, personal space and time are examined in detail.
Ray Birdwhistell founded kinesics, the study of body language and non-verbal communication through gestures, postures, eye contact and facial expressions. He observed that certain movements serve as forms of communication without words and can differ between cultures or religions. Kinesics examines emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators and adaptors to understand the meanings behind physical behaviors. Birdwhistell passed away in 1994 from liver cancer.
Oral communication refers to expressing information or ideas through spoken words. It has several advantages, such as allowing for high understanding, flexibility, quick decision-making, and problem resolution. However, it also has disadvantages like being less formal than written communication and risking misunderstandings. Effective oral communication requires clear pronunciation, brevity, precision, and logical sequencing. Common types of oral communication include face-to-face interactions, video conferencing, telephone calls, interviews, group discussions, presentations, and grapevine gossip.
This document discusses communication through spaces and symbols. It explains that communication involves transferring information through different channels. It then describes the four types of social spaces defined by proxemics: intimate space (touching to 18 inches), personal space (18 inches to 4 feet), social space (4 to 12 feet), and public space (12 feet and beyond). Each space has a different language and level of formality in communication. The document also discusses how symbols can communicate meanings and provides examples of logos that convey additional hidden meanings beyond just representing brands.
Eye contact is a form of nonverbal communication that signifies interest and influences social behavior. Maintaining eye contact with audience members for 3-5 seconds shows them that the speaker is interested in them and helps the audience feel engaged, while too much staring can make people uncomfortable. Eye contact contributes to perceptions of credibility, honesty, and connection between speaker and audience.
This document discusses and compares verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication involves the use of spoken or written words to transfer information, while non-verbal communication conveys messages without words through gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, and other means. Both types of communication have advantages and disadvantages. Verbal communication allows for personal interaction but words can be forgotten, while non-verbal communication helps communicate emotions and overcome language barriers but cannot be used for public communication.
This document outlines key concepts related to intrapersonal and interpersonal communication. It discusses self-concept, perception, expectations, and motivation as aspects of intrapersonal communication. Interpersonal communication is defined as communication between two or more people. The benefits of strong interpersonal relationships include trust, acceptance, support, having someone to listen and provide understanding. Good interpersonal skills can provide referrals, reduce stress, and increase happiness. The Johari window model is presented as a tool for understanding self-awareness and improving communication and relationships.
Extrapersonal communication is communication between humans and non-human entities. It includes communication with animals through training, communication with plants through touch responses, and developing communication with robots and machines. As artificial intelligence advances, human-robot communication is increasing through voice assistants, robots that play video games, and robot secretaries that greet people and continue conversations. However, challenges remain as people may have inflated expectations of robots' knowledge and want them to display human-like emotions and opinions.
This document discusses non-verbal communication and proxemics. It explains that non-verbal communication conveys messages through body language, facial expressions, and physical distance. Culture influences the interpretation of non-verbal cues, with low-context cultures placing less emphasis and high-context cultures placing more. Proxemics refers to the space between people during interaction and identifies four distances: intimate (0-2ft), personal (2-4ft), social (4-12ft), and public (>12ft). Eye contact is another important non-verbal cue that can indicate interest, trustworthiness, involvement and attention but its interpretation varies between cultures and religions.
In the United States, people typically stand at least two feet away from one another during casual conversation, one of the examples of proxemics. For the best soft skills coach, visit - http://bit.ly/3itEG8g
Chapter 4 (types of non verbal communication)metalkid132
This document discusses different aspects of nonverbal communication including proxemics, use of space, artifacts, and chronemics. It explains proxemics as the study of how people perceive and use personal space. There are four zones of personal space: intimate, personal, social, and public distance. It also discusses how people communicate ownership of space through territorial behaviors and how status is communicated through space. Artifacts are objects people use to decorate space and communicate messages. Chronemics refers to interpretations of time use which can vary between cultures with some being more monochronic and task-focused while others are more polychronic and flexible.
This document discusses verbal and non-verbal communication. It notes that words only account for 7% of communication, while tone, volume, and other paralinguistic features make up 45%. The remaining 55% is non-verbal communication including body language, choice of clothing, and other visual cues. Specific types of non-verbal communication discussed include proxemics, haptics, kinesics, chronemics, and others. Effective communication relies on both verbal and non-verbal elements being aligned and understood.
This document discusses various aspects of communication skills, including nonverbal communication cues like kinesics, proxemics, and chronemics. It also examines barriers to effective communication such as intrapersonal barriers stemming from wrong assumptions or varied perceptions. Interpersonal barriers include limited vocabulary, incompatible verbal and nonverbal messages, cultural variations, and noise in the communication channel. Organizational barriers involve fear of superiors, negative tendencies within groups, using inappropriate communication media, and information overload.
Nonverbal Communication in the Classroom: Making Your Point Without Saying a ...Carmen Y. Reyes
Nonverbal communication provides essential context and meaning beyond what is said verbally. It includes body language, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, posture, paralanguage, proxemics and appearance. Research shows over 75% of classroom management is communicated nonverbally. To effectively influence student behavior, it is important for teachers to understand how their nonverbal communication aligns with and reinforces their verbal messages.
This document discusses non-verbal communication. It defines non-verbal communication as communication through wordless visual messages like facial expressions and gestures. It describes the importance of non-verbal communication in establishing relationships and notes that 93% of communication is non-verbal. It then outlines some types of non-verbal communication, including kinesics (body language), proxemics (use of space), and haptics (communication through touch). It provides an example of how Mr. Bean effectively communicates non-verbally. Finally, it lists some dos and don'ts for effective non-verbal communication.
Communication is essential for any job. Effective internal and external communication allows an organization to develop and grow. Large businesses rely on communication to maintain knowledge of branch office activities. Communication also promotes understanding and cooperation between employees. Possessing strong communication skills is important for both getting hired and being promoted within an organization. Effective communication is critical for any job or business to function successfully.
This document discusses conversational distances in human interactions. It defines four types of conversational distances: intimate distance, personal distance, social distance, and public distance. It then analyzes factors that affect conversational distances such as culture, gender, relationships, age, population density, and intended message. For example, intimate distance ranges from body contact to 18 inches between lovers or close family. The document concludes that while culture influences communication styles, people are also comfortable with those who have similar body language regardless of culture.
Nonverbal communication includes various visual cues and body language such as gestures, eye contact, body posture, facial expressions, proxemics, haptics, and paralanguage. Proxemics refers to the study of how people use and perceive personal space, which can vary between cultures. Body language conveys attitudes and states of mind through poses, gestures, and eye movements. Paralanguage includes vocal cues like tone, pitch, and emphasis that provide nonverbal context to words. Effective nonverbal communication relies on appropriate use of eye contact, body posture, gestures, and facial expressions.
The document discusses proxemics, which is the study of how people use and perceive space in communication. It outlines four types of social distances defined by anthropologist Edward T. Hall: intimate distance less than 18 inches for touching or whispering, personal distance of 1.5 to 4 feet for friends and family, social distance of 4 to 12 feet for acquaintances, and public distance of 12 feet or more for public speaking. The distances reflect different levels of formality and familiarity between people in various social and cultural contexts.
The document discusses proxemics, which is the study of how people use and perceive space in communication. It outlines four types of social distances defined by anthropologist Edward T. Hall: intimate distance less than 18 inches for touching or whispering, personal distance of 1.5 to 4 feet for friends and family, social distance of 4 to 12 feet for acquaintances, and public distance of 12 feet or more for public speaking. The distances reflect different levels of formality and familiarity between people in various social and cultural contexts.
Proxemics is the study of how personal space and spatial distances are used in interpersonal communication across different cultures and situations. It involves how people arrange their personal space and what they place within it. Proxemics was coined by anthropologist Edward T. Hall in 1963 to describe the impact of proxemic behavior, or how people use space, on communication between individuals. Hall defined four proxemic distances - intimate, personal, social, and public - which vary based on the closeness of the relationship and type of interaction.
This document discusses key concepts in communication media. It defines communication and identifies its key characteristics. The three major communication settings are introduced as intrapersonal, interpersonal, and mass communication. Verbal communication includes both oral and written forms. Nonverbal communication encompasses body language, proxemics, territoriality, and other non-word forms of expression. Various types of each are described in detail.
This document discusses the concepts of personal space and territoriality. It defines personal space as the invisible boundaries surrounding a person's body that others should not intrude upon. The document outlines Edward Hall's zones of personal space, including intimate, personal, social, and public zones. It also discusses factors that affect personal space, such as gender, age, personality, and culture. Finally, it explores how architecture can impact personal space through spatial planning, proximity, scale, lighting, and other design elements.
The document discusses improper integrals of the second kind, where the integrand is discontinuous or unbounded within the interval of integration. It provides three examples of evaluating such integrals. Improper integrals of the second kind can be evaluated by taking limits of the integral as the integration limit approaches the point of discontinuity or unboundedness. The integral converges, or exists, if the limit is finite, and diverges if the limit is infinite.
An array is a group of consecutive memory locations that share the same name and data type. It allows storing multiple values of the same type together. Arrays can store large numbers of values with a single name and process many values easily and quickly. There are one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multi-dimensional arrays. One-dimensional arrays store elements in a linear list, two-dimensional arrays arrange elements in a table with rows and columns, and multi-dimensional arrays extend this concept to three or more dimensions.
There are two main types of orthographic projections: first angle and third angle projection. The only difference between the two is the positioning of the plan, bottom, and side views relative to the front view. In first angle projection, the front view is in the center with the top view below and bottom view above, and the side views to the left and right. In third angle projection, the front view remains center but the top and bottom views are positioned differently relative to the side views. Orthographic projections use multiple 2D drawings to accurately represent an object from different angles.
Maglev trains use magnetic levitation to float along tracks without friction for very fast travel up to 250 mph. They require newly built tracks with magnet systems as they cannot operate on conventional rails. While maglev trains consume less energy and travel faster than normal trains, their infrastructure costs around $5 million per mile to build, making the initial investment very high. The Josephson effect describes how electrons can tunnel through thin insulating barriers between two superconductors, resulting in electric currents even without an applied voltage.
Environmental legislation & water pollution actsManthan Dhavne
A presentation on environment legislation & water pollution acts. Environmental Studies is a subject which is very easy and surely a last day reading subject so why spend time on making a presentation on the same.
The GPS was developed by the US Department of Defense starting in 1969 to provide global navigation. By 1978, the first 4 satellites were launched, with full operational capability achieved in 1995. GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites and the technique of triangulation to determine a user's precise three-dimensional position on Earth based on signal travel times from multiple satellites. It has both military and civilian applications such as navigation, mapping, tracking, and timing synchronization.
Connectors are used to connect electrical circuits through wires and cables. Permanent connections are made through soldering or crimping, while temporary connections use plugs and sockets. Key properties of connectors include being keyed to prevent incorrect insertion, locked to prevent accidental disconnection, and water or moisture resistant. Common connector types discussed are USB, audio, and power connectors. Switches are electromechanical devices that connect or disconnect circuits. Switches are classified based on the number of poles and throws, determining the number of connections that can be made. Examples given are SPST, SPDT, DPST, and DPDT switches.
The document summarizes the specifications and operation of a Cochran boiler. It is a vertical, multi-tube, fire tube boiler that is portable and takes up a small floor area. It has a shell diameter of 2.75m, height of 5.75m, and can produce up to 4000kg/hr of steam. Hot gases from the furnace pass through horizontal fire tubes, transferring heat to the water and producing steam. The boiler has a cylindrical shell, fire box, tubes, and chimney, and operates by burning solid or liquid fuel on a grate to produce hot gases and steam.
Value Stream Mapping Worskshops for Intelligent Continuous SecurityMarc Hornbeek
This presentation provides detailed guidance and tools for conducting Current State and Future State Value Stream Mapping workshops for Intelligent Continuous Security.
its all about Artificial Intelligence(Ai) and Machine Learning and not on advanced level you can study before the exam or can check for some information on Ai for project
"Heaters in Power Plants: Types, Functions, and Performance Analysis"Infopitaara
This presentation provides a detailed overview of heaters used in power plants, focusing mainly on feedwater heaters, their types, construction, and role in improving thermal efficiency. It explains the difference between open and closed feedwater heaters, highlights the importance of low-pressure and high-pressure heaters, and describes the orientation types—horizontal and vertical.
The PPT also covers major heater connections, the three critical heat transfer zones (desuperheating, condensing, and subcooling), and key performance indicators such as Terminal Temperature Difference (TTD) and Drain Cooler Approach (DCA). Additionally, it discusses common operational issues, monitoring parameters, and the arrangement of steam and drip flows.
Understanding and maintaining these heaters is crucial for ensuring optimum power plant performance, reducing fuel costs, and enhancing equipment life.
ELectronics Boards & Product Testing_Shiju.pdfShiju Jacob
This presentation provides a high level insight about DFT analysis and test coverage calculation, finalizing test strategy, and types of tests at different levels of the product.
Passenger car unit (PCU) of a vehicle type depends on vehicular characteristics, stream characteristics, roadway characteristics, environmental factors, climate conditions and control conditions. Keeping in view various factors affecting PCU, a model was developed taking a volume to capacity ratio and percentage share of particular vehicle type as independent parameters. A microscopic traffic simulation model VISSIM has been used in present study for generating traffic flow data which some time very difficult to obtain from field survey. A comparison study was carried out with the purpose of verifying when the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models are appropriate for prediction of PCUs of different vehicle types. From the results observed that ANFIS model estimates were closer to the corresponding simulated PCU values compared to MLR and ANN models. It is concluded that the ANFIS model showed greater potential in predicting PCUs from v/c ratio and proportional share for all type of vehicles whereas MLR and ANN models did not perform well.
ADVXAI IN MALWARE ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK: BALANCING EXPLAINABILITY WITH SECURITYijscai
With the increased use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in malware analysis there is also an increased need to
understand the decisions models make when identifying malicious artifacts. Explainable AI (XAI) becomes
the answer to interpreting the decision-making process that AI malware analysis models use to determine
malicious benign samples to gain trust that in a production environment, the system is able to catch
malware. With any cyber innovation brings a new set of challenges and literature soon came out about XAI
as a new attack vector. Adversarial XAI (AdvXAI) is a relatively new concept but with AI applications in
many sectors, it is crucial to quickly respond to the attack surface that it creates. This paper seeks to
conceptualize a theoretical framework focused on addressing AdvXAI in malware analysis in an effort to
balance explainability with security. Following this framework, designing a machine with an AI malware
detection and analysis model will ensure that it can effectively analyze malware, explain how it came to its
decision, and be built securely to avoid adversarial attacks and manipulations. The framework focuses on
choosing malware datasets to train the model, choosing the AI model, choosing an XAI technique,
implementing AdvXAI defensive measures, and continually evaluating the model. This framework will
significantly contribute to automated malware detection and XAI efforts allowing for secure systems that
are resilient to adversarial attacks.
The role of the lexical analyzer
Specification of tokens
Finite state machines
From a regular expressions to an NFA
Convert NFA to DFA
Transforming grammars and regular expressions
Transforming automata to grammars
Language for specifying lexical analyzers
This paper proposes a shoulder inverse kinematics (IK) technique. Shoulder complex is comprised of the sternum, clavicle, ribs, scapula, humerus, and four joints.
2. Definition & History
Proxemics is the study of human use of space and the effects that population density
has on behavior, communication, and social interaction. Proxemics is one among several
subcategories in the study of nonverbal communication,
including haptics (touch), kinesics (body movement), vocalics (paralanguage),
and chronemics (structure of time).
Edward T. Hall, the cultural anthropologist who coined this term in 1963. The Hidden
Dimension, Hall emphasized the impact of proxemic behavior (the use of space)
on interpersonal communication. Proxemics remains a hidden component of
interpersonal communication that is uncovered through observation and strongly
influenced by culture.
Proxemics
3. Types of Proxemics
There are 4 categories in
Proxemics namely
1. Intimate
2. Personal
3. Social &
4. Public
4. 1. Intimate
Intimate distance is that which is used for very confidential
communications. This zone of distance is characterized by 0 to 2
feet of space between two individuals. An example of intimate
distance is two people hugging, holding hands, or standing side-
by-side. People in intimate distance share a unique level of
comfort with one another. Those who are not comfortable with
someone who approaches them in the intimate zone will
experince a great deal of social discomfort or awkwardness.
6. 2. Personal
Personal distance is used for talking with family and close
friends. Although it gives a person a little more space than
intimate distance, it is still very close in proximity to that of
intimacy, and may involve touching. Personal distance can
range from 2 to 4 feet. Like intimate distance, if a stranger
approaches someone in the personal zone, he or she is likely
to feel uncomfortable being in such close proximity with the
stranger.
8. 3. Social
Social distance is used in business transactions, meeting
new people and interacting with groups of people. Social
distance has a large range in the distance that it can
incorporate. From 4 to 12 feet, it is clear that social
distance depends on the situation. Social distance may be
used among students, co-workers, or
acquaintances. Generally, people within social distance do
not engage in physical contact with one another.
10. 4. Public
Public space is the space that characterizes how close we
sit or stand to someone, like a public figure or public
speaker. So, if you are at an event listening to a professor
give a lecture, you are probably about 12-25 feet away.