Transformation in bacteria
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Genetic transformation is the incorporation of naked DNA from the extracellular environment into bacterial cells. There are two types of transformation: natural transformation which occurs naturally in some bacteria, and artificial transformation which is done through chemical, physical, or enzymatic treatment in the laboratory. The basic procedure of transformation involves isolating naked donor DNA, mixing it with competent recipient bacterial cells, and allowing the donor DNA to enter the recipient cells and recombine with the recipient genome.
Transformation in bacteria
- 1. TRANSFORMATION IN BACTERIA PRESENTED BY MONA ALBUREIKAN
- 2. What is transformation? • Genetic transformation is the incorporation of naked DNA from the extracellular environment. • It is one of three possible mechanisms of HGT (Horizontal gene transfer) • Cells that can be used for transformation are called competent.
- 3. Types of transformation ? FIRST: Natural Transformation
- 4. Types of transformation ? FIRST: Natural Transformation
- 5. Types of transformation ? SECOND:Artificial Transformation - chemical treatment. - physical treatment. - enzymatic treatment
- 6. Types of Competent Cells for Transformation? Chemically Competent Cells - calcium chloride-treated = attachment of the plasmid DNA - heat-shocked in a water bath = opens the pores of the cell membrane - entry of plasmid DNA from the buffer.
- 7. Types of Competent Cells for Transformation? Electrocompetent Cells - using electroporation - create pores - genetic material enters the cells.
- 8. What is The basic procedure of transformation? First: Isolation of CELL-FREE or NAKED DNA. The cells are broken and the DNA released. The cell- free DNA is subsequently isolated and collected.
- 9. What is The basic procedure of transformation? Second: Mixing of Donor DNA with Recipient Competent Cells. The naked donor DNA is incubated with the competent recipient cells to which it binds.
- 10. What is The basic procedure of transformation? Third: Uptake and Recombination of Donor DNA. Donor DNA binds to competent recipient cells, following which it enters the recipient cells. Portions of the donor DNA align, at random, with genes on the recipient DNA and segments of the two DNA's are exchanged. The exchange inserts Donor genes into the recipient cell"s DNA.
- 11. What is The basic procedure of transformation?
- 12. "Naked" DNA could be fragments of DNA or plasmids • "Naked" DNA is generated when fragments of DNA or plasmids are released from damaged or dying cells. The fragments of DNA are then taken up by a living recipient cell and recombined with the recipient cell genome.
- 13. REFRENCES • http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/Chap9.html#Transformatio n • http://medicine.jrank.org/pages/2890/Transformation-Discovery- Transformation.html • http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/~smaloy/MicrobialGenetics/topics/transformation/ • http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/Products-and- Services/Applications/Cloning/Transformation.html • http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/Products-and- Services/Applications/Cloning/Transformation.html • http://biology200.gsu.edu/houghton/4564%20'11/figures/lecture%203/transforma tion.jpg • http://www.pc.maricopa.edu/Biology/rcotter/BIO%20205/LessonBuilders/Chapter %209%20LB/Ch9b_print.html • http://textbookofbacteriology.net/resantimicrobial_3.html • http://www.nicerweb.com/doc/class/med/Transformation.jpg • http://www.uni-frankfurt.de/fb/fb15/institute/inst-3-mol-biowiss/AK- Averhoff/pictures/res1.png • http://www.odec.ca/projects/2006/sidh6h2/images/bgdiagram.gif
- 14. THANK YOU