Bone mets video
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Bone metastases occur when cancer spreads from its original site to the bone. Common primary sites are the lung, breast, prostate, and kidney. Symptoms include pain, possible fracture or nerve compression, and elevated calcium levels. Common sites of bone metastases are the spine, ribs, pelvis, and femurs. Bone metastases are typically lytic (creating holes) or blastic (creating abnormal white areas). Radiation therapy is effective in relieving symptoms for most patients and pain response is achieved in 58% of patients undergoing reirradiation for recurrent bone metastases.
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"GIANT CELL TUMOR" : CASE PRESENTATION- At Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College...Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College "GIANT CELL TUMOR" : CASE PRESENTATION- At Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
metastatic-bone-tumor.ppt
metastatic-bone-tumor.pptN3LUMBO Metastatic bone tumors are most commonly caused by cancer spreading from another primary site to the bones. Approximately 50% of cancers can metastasize to the skeleton, with the most common sites being the vertebrae, pelvis, femur, ribs, humerus and skull. The presentation may include bone pain, pathologic fractures, masses, or neurological impairment. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, imaging like x-rays, CT, MRI and bone scans. Treatment depends on cancer type but often includes radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, surgery and bisphosphonates. Local therapies aim to destroy cancer cells at the specific bone site while systemic therapies target cells throughout the body.
Benign bone tumors
Benign bone tumorsDebeshShrestha1 This document summarizes various benign bone tumors classified by the WHO. It describes the clinical features, radiographic appearance, histology, and treatment for common benign bone tumors including osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, enchondroma, osteochondroma, chondroblastoma, fibrous dysplasia, giant cell tumor, chondromyxoid fibroma, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, and osseous hemangioma. These tumors typically present with pain, swelling, or pathological fracture and are diagnosed radiographically with confirmation by biopsy. Treatment involves surgical excision, curettage, or observation depending on the tumor type and characteristics.
Bone tumours
Bone tumoursSitanshu Barik The document discusses classification and staging of bone tumors. Enneking's surgical staging system classifies bone tumors based on their histological grade, location within the bone, and presence of metastases. The stages range from 1 to 3, with higher numbers indicating more advanced or aggressive tumors. Several benign and malignant bone tumors are also described in terms of their typical location, patient demographics, clinical and radiological appearance, pathology, treatment options, and prognosis.
Foundations of Diagnostic Imaging for Physical Therapist
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Case 1:
1st option: MRI of the left knee
2nd option: CT of the left knee
The patient has a long history of left knee pain that has progressively worsened. An MRI would be best to evaluate for internal derangements like a meniscal tear or cartilage damage. A CT could also help evaluate bony abnormalities.
Case 2:
1st option: CT head
2nd option: MRI brain
The acute onset of symptoms suggests a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). A non-contrast CT would be fastest to rule out hemorrhage. An MRI with contrast would provide more detail on the location and extent of injury
Metastatic Bone Disease & Role of Zoledronic Acid
Metastatic Bone Disease & Role of Zoledronic AcidMRINMOY ROY Metastatic Bone Disease is Cancer that begins in an organ, such as the lungs, breast, or prostate, and then spreads to bone.
More than 1.2 million new cancer cases are diagnosed each year. Approximately 50% of these tumours can spread (metastasize) to the skeleton.
With improved medical treatment of many cancers — especially breast, lung, and prostate — patients are living longer. However, the primary cancers in more of these patients are spreading to bone. The tumours that result are called bone metastases.
Here the role of Zoledronic Acid have been fall in place in treatment.
Painful bone metastases in adults
Painful bone metastases in adultsRamin Sadeghi In this presentation, diagnostic work up and treatment of painful bone metastases have been explained in detail.
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myelomaKarimkhaled19 Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic disorder of plasma B cells characterized by bone marrow infiltration and monoclonal immunoglobulin overproduction. Imaging plays a vital role in assessing multiple myeloma at diagnosis and monitoring response to therapy. Conventional radiography is still considered the gold standard for determining bone disease extent at diagnosis. However, whole body MRI, CT, and PET/CT have greater sensitivity than radiography and detect more lesions, replacing it at some institutions. MRI allows direct assessment of marrow infiltration without radiation and is useful for spinal cord compression evaluation. CT is also sensitive but exposes to more radiation. PET/CT is most sensitive for detecting extramedullary disease and monitoring treatment response. Bone scintigraphy, MIBI scans,
Osteoarthritis
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Presentation1, radiological imaging of anterior knee pain.
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Normal & abnormal radiology of brain part ii
Normal & abnormal radiology of brain part iiMohammed Fathy This document provides an overview of radiology techniques used to image the central nervous system (CNS), with a focus on brain tumors. It discusses the roles of various imaging modalities like CT, MRI, X-rays and their sequences. CT provides density-based images and is useful for detecting calcification. MRI has better soft tissue contrast and avoids radiation. Key MRI sequences like T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, DWI, PWI, and post-contrast T1WI are explained. These sequences help characterize lesions and determine tumor type and grade. Perfusion imaging can indicate malignancy by showing blood flow and volume within a tumor. Together modern imaging allows diagnosis, staging, treatment planning and monitoring
GIANT CELL TUMOR.pptx
GIANT CELL TUMOR.pptxSalman Syed This document summarizes giant cell tumor (GCT), a type of bone tumor. It describes how GCT was first described in 1818 and characterized in detail in 1940. It affects skeletally mature patients, more commonly females than males. Histologically, it contains giant cells and stromal cells. Treatment options include curettage with or without adjuvants like phenol or cryotherapy to reduce the high recurrence rate of simple curettage. Extended curettage techniques along with bone cement are commonly used to reconstruct the defect following tumor removal.
Principles of management of malignant bone tumours
Principles of management of malignant bone tumoursSoliudeen Arojuraye This document outlines principles for managing malignant bone diseases. It discusses common primary bone tumors like osteosarcoma and metastases to bone from other cancers like breast and prostate. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, imaging like x-rays and biopsy. Staging uses systems like Enneking and TNM. Treatment is usually multidisciplinary and may involve neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection with the goal of tumor-free margins, reconstruction of defects, and adjuvant therapies. Limb salvage surgeries aim to preserve function while achieving clear margins, though amputation may be needed in some cases. Prognosis depends on tumor type, stage, and response to treatment.
Benign bone tumors
Benign bone tumorsAbdul Basit This document discusses several types of benign bone tumors, including osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, osteochondroma, enchondroma, periosteal chondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, and ossifying fibroma. It describes the clinical presentation, radiographic findings, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for each tumor. Plain radiographs are emphasized as the best initial imaging modality for evaluating these lesions.
Introduction to Bone Scan: Techniques and Diagnosis 
Introduction to Bone Scan: Techniques and Diagnosis Waseem M.Nizamani This document provides an overview of nuclear medicine imaging techniques like bone scans. It discusses how nuclear medicine shows physiological functioning rather than anatomy. Bone scans specifically involve injecting radioactive tracers that are absorbed by bone and then imaging their distribution to identify abnormalities. The document reviews normal scan findings, uses of bone scans to detect conditions like metastases and fractures, and presents several case examples to illustrate bone scan interpretations for conditions like osteomyelitis, bone metastases, and trauma.
Osteoporossis ssmc
Osteoporossis ssmcAnand Sh Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue leading to increased bone fragility and risk of fractures. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic imaging plays an important role in identifying osteoporosis and quantifying bone mineral density (BMD). Conventional radiography can detect osteoporosis once 30% of bone is lost but is not quantitative. DXA is the gold standard for measuring BMD and diagnosing osteoporosis based on T-scores. Other modalities like quantitative CT and MRI allow assessment of trabecular and cortical bone separately but have limitations of availability and radiation dose.
Orthopedics 5th year, 7th/part two & 8th/part one lectures (Dr. Bakhtyar)
Orthopedics 5th year, 7th/part two & 8th/part one lectures (Dr. Bakhtyar)College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah
"GIANT CELL TUMOR" : CASE PRESENTATION- At Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College...
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Bone mets video
- 2. Bone Metastases Cancers that originate at another site (usually breast, prostate or lung) that spread to the bone are called bone metastases
- 3. Skeleton
- 4. 7 cervical Spine 12 thoracic Vertebrae The bones in the spine are 5 lumbar numbered 5 sacral
- 5. Spinal cord ends at T12-L1
- 6. Bone cancer in the spine can create problems if the tumor compresses the spinal cord inside the neural canal
- 7. Pain symptoms are related to the spot in the spine involved
- 8. MRI Spinal Metastases from Lung Cancer The mets to L3 caused back Pain radiating Into the legs
- 9. MRI of the Lumbar Spine with Bone Destruction of L3 from Lymphoma
- 10. Bone Metastases Origin: most common sites of origin (primary) are lung, breast, prostate and kidney Symptoms: pain (esp at night), possible fracture or nerve compression , may cause elevated calcium level or lead to anemia
- 11. ribs Most common sites for bone spine metastases pelvis femurs
- 12. Some bone mets make the bone look too white (osteoblastic) others make dark holes (lytic)
- 13. Lytic = black hole in the bone Blastic = abnormal white area
- 15. If not treated, lytic bone mets can cause considerable bone destruction
- 16. If the cancer has weakened the bone, it may be necessary to perform surgery prior to radiation to avoid a fracture
- 18. Blastic Bone Mets as seen on a CT scan
- 19. An MRI may show a bone met better than a regular X-ray
- 20. Bone Scan A nuclear medicine (technitium) bone scan would show bone mets as dark areas
- 22. CT Scans show good bone detail
- 23. PET scans may show bone mets very clearly
- 24. PET Scans can be used to help target the radiation three dimensionally PET showing the cancer pushing into the back of the right hip bone
- 25. Computer generated reconstruction showing the cancer in red and the radiation zone in orange
- 26. A typical course of radiation is 10 treatments ( in some cases it is necessary to go slower, 20 to 25 trips) Bone met at L2 Radiation field
- 27. Side Effects of Radiation for Bone mets •Mild fatigue •Local skin irritation •Lower the blood count (anemia or white count) •The bone can temporarily get weaker before strengthening
- 28. Local Side Effects of Radiation for Bone mets Sore throat or dry mouth Trouble swallowing , heart burn or dry cough Loose bowels or cramps Bladder or rectal irritation
- 29. Radiation Results •80 - 90% of the time the symptoms improve •Complete relief in 54% •Most respond by 10-14 days, 70% by 2 weeks, 90% by 3 months •55 - 70% pain benefit is sustained for life
- 30. Can You Radiate a Bone Metastasis a second time if the cancer flares up? Effectiveness of Reirradiation for Painful Bone Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (IJROBP 2012:84:8) Of the 2,694 patients initially treated for metastatic bone pain, 527 (20%) patients underwent reirradiation. Overall, a pain response after reirradiation was achieved in 58% of patients
- 31. Xrays may take weeks to months to show improvement
- 32. PET scans can show response to radiation H&N squamous mets to L4 Before XRT 3 months after XRT
- 33. Same patient at 7 months, PET scan now totally back to normal
- 34. As the cancer shrinks (gray tissue) the bone can regrow
- 35. Bone Metastases to the Spine Involved vertebrae on the left and normal on the right
- 36. Kidney cancer in the spinal vertebrae surrounding the cord, and appearance after radiation…is it possible to safely radiate further?
- 38. Radiation prescription for # Diagnosis: # Area Treated: # Number of Treatments: #