Brayton cycle
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George Brayton designed the first continuous combustion engine, known as the Brayton engine, in the 1860s. The Brayton engine introduced the Brayton cycle of continuous combustion that became the basis for gas turbine development. A Brayton-type engine consists of an air compressor, mixing chamber, and expander. The Brayton cycle uses four thermodynamic processes - two constant pressure and two reversible adiabatic processes - and is now used in gas turbines where compression and expansion occur via rotating machinery.
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Brayton cycle
- 1. By: John Eduard Carino
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- 4. Brayton Engine component A Brayton-type engine consists of three components: A gas compressor A mixing chamber An expander
- 6. Brayton Cycle A thermodynamic cycle (also variously called the Joule or complete expansion diesel cycle) consisting of two constant- pressure (isobaric) processes interspersed with two reversible adiabatic (isentropic) processes.
- 7. Brayton Cycle Now, the Brayton cycle is used for gas turbines only where both the compression and expansion processes take place in rotating machinery.
- 9. Brayton Cycle Components: First, Fresh air is drawn into the compressor in which pressure and temperature are raised The high-pressure air proceeds into the combustion chamber, where the fuel is burned at constant pressure. The resulting high-temperature gases then enter the turbine, where they expand to the atmospheric pressure through a row of nozzle vanes
- 10. Brayton cycle components This expansion causes the turbine blade to spin, which then turns a shaft inside a magnetic coil. When the shaft is rotating inside the magnetic coil, electrical current is produced. The exhaust gases leaving the turbine in the open cycle are not re- circulated.
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- 13. Differences to other cycles The thermal efficiency for a given gas, air, is solely a function of the ratio of compression. This is also the case with the Otto cycle. For the diesel cycle with incomplete expansion, the thermal efficiency is lower. The Brayton cycle, with its high inherent thermal efficiency, requires the maximum volume of gas flow for a given power output.
- 14. Differences to other cycles The Otto and diesel cycles require much lower gas flow rates, but have the disadvantage of higher peak pressures and temperatures. These conflicting elements led to many designs, all attempting to achieve practical compromises. With the development of fluid acceleration devices for the compression and expansion of gases, the Brayton cycle found mechanisms which could economically handle the large volumes of working fluid. This is perfected in the gas turbine power plant.
- 15. Brayton Cycle
- 17. Open cycle and Closed cycle
- 18. The open gas-turbine cycle can be modelled as a closed cycle by utilizing the air-standard assumptions. Here the compression and expansion process remain the same, but a constant-pressure heat- rejection process to the ambient air replaces the combustion process.
- 19. T-S and P-V diagram
- 20. Process 1-2
- 21. Process 2-3
- 22. Process 3-4
- 23. Process 4-1
- 25. Q added and Q rejected
- 26. Efficiency of a ideal Brayton cycle
- 27. Efficiency of a ideal Brayton cycle