Styrene butadiene rubber
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Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is a synthetic rubber derived from styrene and butadiene monomers. There are two main types: emulsion SBR produced via emulsion polymerization, and solution SBR produced via anionic polymerization. SBR has good abrasion resistance and aging stability when protected by additives. Approximately 50% of car tires are made from SBR, with higher styrene content rubbers being harder and less rubbery. Common applications of SBR include use in car tires, shoe soles, gaskets, and coated papers.
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Butyl Rubber Production, Butyl Rubber, Chemical Compound, Production of Butyl Rubber, Process for Production of Butyl Rubber, Butyl Rubber, Synthetic Rubber, Preparation of Butyl Rubber, Butyl Rubber Formula, Butyl Rubber Properties, Butyl Rubber Manufacture, Butyl Rubber Uses, Butyl Rubber Manufacturing Process, Manufacture of Butyl Rubber, Butyl Rubber and Process for Production, Butyl Rubber Plant, Butyl Rubber Properties & Applications, Butyl Rubber (IIR), Synthetic Rubber Industry, Butyl Rubber Manufacturing Plant, Butyl Rubber (IIR) Products for Industrial Use, Butyl Rubber Manufacturing Process, Butyl Rubber Industry, Project Report on Butyl Rubber Production Industry, Detailed Project Report on Butyl Rubber Production, Project Report on Butyl Rubber Production, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Butyl Rubber Production, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Butyl Rubber Production, Feasibility report on Butyl Rubber Production, Free Project Profile on Butyl Rubber Production, Project profile on Butyl Rubber Production, isobutylene-isoprene rubber, Download free project profile on Butyl Rubber Production, Butyl Rubber Manufacturing Business, Halogenated Butyl Rubber, Production of Halogenated Butyl Rubber
Bitumen ageing phenomenon: A review
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Enginering Chemistry - Rubber
Enginering Chemistry - RubberKhulna University of Engineering & Technology B.Sc. (Engineering)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Course - Engineering Chemistry
Topic - Rubber
Rubber
RubberKushagra Goel The document discusses rubber, including its properties, types (natural and synthetic), production processes, and applications. It describes how natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees by tapping latex and coagulating it. It also explains various synthetic rubbers like SBR, butyl, EPDM, and nitrile. Key applications mentioned include rubber flooring, adhesives, expansion joints, and bearing pads.
IRJET-Aging of Bitumen Pavement a Review
IRJET-Aging of Bitumen Pavement a ReviewIRJET Journal This document summarizes a research paper that studied the effects of aging on bitumen used in pavement. It discusses how aging causes bitumen to harden over time through oxidation and loss of volatile components, resulting in increased viscosity and stiffness of the asphalt mixture. The research examined how different filler materials affect the aging of both neat bitumen and modified bitumen. Studies showed that modified bitumen binds aged less than neat bitumen. The objectives of the study were to analyze the effects of aging on various properties of neat and modified bitumen samples, including softening point, viscosity, penetration value, and rheological properties.
Product Catlouge
Product CatlougeS.H. Hasan The document provides information about an Indian company called Indian Rubber Industry that manufactures and supplies a range of molded polymer products including rubber and plastic gaskets, seals, couplings, and other products. It details the company's establishment in 2008, quality standards, product range including materials used and applications. The product catalogue section describes key rubber gasket and seal products along with materials, features, and specifications.
Synthetic rubber and about their formulations and their applications 
Synthetic rubber and about their formulations and their applications Meet Zadafiya this ppt for different types of synthetic rubber and their manufacture process and their flow diagram
Creative Elastomers, Mumbai, Silicone Rubber Gasket
Creative Elastomers, Mumbai, Silicone Rubber GasketIndiaMART InterMESH Limited Manufacturers and Exporters of an exclusive range of rubber molded and extracted products such as Silicone Rubber Gasket, Silicone Extruded Products, Silicone Cords & Tubings, Transparent & Braided Silicone Tubing, Seals, Strips, Profile & Channels, Sponge Rubbers Tubing & Profiles, Expansion Joint Profiles, Profiles of Window Seals/Glazing Cords, Polyurethene Seals, Teflon Seal & Chevron Packings, Rubber Seals, Heat Exchanger & Triclover Gasket, Inflatable Gaskit, CAF,Teflon & Spiral Wound Gaskets.
Polymax Ltd., Mumbai, Rubber Products
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Rubber and Sealants
Rubber and SealantsAnirudhMalpani4 The document summarizes information about various types of rubber, sealants, and their markets. It discusses Buna N rubber, its properties and manufacturing process. It also outlines EPDM rubber, its increasing demand, properties, manufacturing and applications. Additionally, it covers vinyl rubber known as EVA including its market needs, properties, manufacturing and applications. Finally, it briefly mentions various types of sealants like acoustic sealants, firestop barrier sealants, polyisobutylene asphalts, non-curing butyl sealant and their applications and pricing.
Habib rubber assignment 08052016
Habib rubber assignment 08052016habib chowdhury This document provides an overview of rubber materials, including:
1. Natural rubber comes from latex extracted from rubber trees, while synthetic rubber is made through polymerization processes.
2. Rubber is classified based on its source and monomers used. The main types discussed are natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and chloroprene.
3. Rubber undergoes processes like mastication to break down polymer chains, compounding to add ingredients, and forming processes like calendaring, coating, extrusion, and molding to produce rubber products.
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Colloidal systems
Colloidal systemsKareem Tharaa Colloidal systems like gels, sols, emulsions, and foams give structure, texture, and mouthfeel to many foods. Gels are formed when a liquid solidifies in a solid matrix, trapping the liquid inside. Sols are dispersed solid particles in a liquid that may gel as it cools. Emulsions are mixtures of immiscible liquids that are stabilized by emulsifying agents. Foams are gases dispersed in a liquid or solid matrix. These colloidal systems play important roles in foods and impact properties like stability, shelf life, and texture.
Bleaching powder
Bleaching powderKareem Tharaa Calcium hypochlorite (bleaching powder) is produced by reacting calcium hydroxide with chlorine gas at 50 degrees C. The reaction produces calcium hypochlorite and water. Given that 100 tons per hour of calcium hypochlorite is required, the amount of chlorine gas needed is calculated to be 78 tons per hour based on the reaction stoichiometry and molecular weights. Using the ideal gas law, the volume of chlorine gas needed is calculated to be approximately 24.6 million liters per hour.
Reactions of isomerization of n butane
Reactions of isomerization of n butaneKareem Tharaa This document discusses the isomerization of n-butane and aromatics. Isomerization changes the physical and chemical properties of compounds and produces isomers that are better for motor fuels and an important step in gasoline manufacture. Isomerization of aromatics uses catalysts to produce specific chemicals in the naphtha boiling range that have applications in various industries.
Steam jet ejectors 1
Steam jet ejectors 1Kareem Tharaa Ejector pumps have several advantages including low cost, no moving parts, and simple and compact construction. They are reliable due to their inherent simplicity and require little maintenance. Ejector pumps are also corrosion and erosion resistant, easy to install, and can achieve high vacuums as low as three microns. The selection of an ejector pump depends on factors like steam pressure, water temperature, required suction pressure and capacity. Ejector pumps are used in industries like processing, food, steel, and more for applications involving filtration, distillation, absorption, mixing, vacuum packaging, freeze drying, and degassing.
Desulfurization
DesulfurizationKareem Tharaa The document discusses methods for removing sulfur from crude oil. Sulfur is present as both organic and inorganic compounds in crude oil. The most common removal methods are catalytic desulfurization, chemical desulfurization, physical adsorption of sulfur oxides, and wet sulfuric acid processes. Catalytic desulfurization, also called hydrodesulfurization, uses hydrogen and catalysts at high pressure and temperature to convert sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide. Chemical desulfurization methods include treatments with acid chromous chloride or peroxyacetic acid. Physical adsorption uses carbonaceous adsorbents to capture sulfur dioxide from flue gases.
Desulfurization 2
Desulfurization 2Kareem Tharaa Desulfurization is the process of removing sulfur from substances like natural gas, coal, oil, and flue gas to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. There are several common methods for desulfurization, including hydrodesulfurization, chemical desulfurization, physical adsorption of sulfur oxides, and wet sulfuric acid processes. Hydrodesulfurization involves heating a mixture of oil and hydrogen gas over a catalyst to break sulfur-carbon bonds and form hydrogen sulfide. Chemical desulfurization uses oxidizing agents like organic peroxides to remove sulfur from crude oil. Physical adsorption uses adsorbents like activated carbon or plant materials to capture sulfur oxides from flue gases or aqueous solutions.
Filteration
FilterationKareem Tharaa This document discusses various mechanisms and equipment used in filtration. It provides details on:
1) Common filtration mechanisms including clarifiers, cake filters, and cartridge filters.
2) Equipment for conventional filtration such as plate and frame filters, horizontal plate filters, and rotary vacuum filters.
3) Pretreatment methods to improve filtration including heating, coagulation, flocculation, and the use of filter aids.
4) General theories for filtration including Darcy's law and equations for incompressible cake buildup.
5) Examples calculating specific cake resistance, filter area needed, and time required for filtration.
Crystallization
CrystallizationKareem Tharaa Crystals are solid structures with repeating patterns of atoms or molecules. They consist of a lattice, which defines points in space that repeat periodically, and a motif or basis made of one or more atoms associated with each lattice point. Different crystal structures are defined by their lattice type (e.g. cubic, hexagonal) and motif. Common 3D crystal structures include simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic lattices combined with different motifs like single atoms or groups of atoms. The document provides examples of crystal structures for various elements and discusses key properties like coordination number and atomic packing factor.
Renewable sources of energy
Renewable sources of energyKareem Tharaa This document summarizes information about renewable energy sources including wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. It notes that renewable energy capacity and generation has been growing rapidly worldwide in recent decades and now accounts for around 16% of global energy consumption and 19% of electricity generation. The document discusses the major renewable technologies, their geographical distribution, factors driving further development, and projections that renewable energy could supply most or all of the world's electricity within the next 50 years.
Problem of styrene butadiene rubber
Problem of styrene butadiene rubberKareem Tharaa The document discusses the problem of heat and sunlight degradation of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and proposes solutions. It states that SBR needs additives like phenolic and amine antioxidants or PVC to resist heat and sunlight. It suggests adding PVC or flame retardants like those containing chlorine or bromine to increase heat resistance and adding hindered phenols or aromatic amine antioxidants to prevent oxidative degradation from sunlight. Test results showed these additives reduced flammability and improved heat resistance, protecting the product from burning and degradation when exposed to UV rays for a limited time.
Cathodic protection
Cathodic protectionKareem Tharaa This document discusses cathodic protection, which is a technique used to control corrosion of metal surfaces. It can be done through galvanic anodes or impressed current. Galvanic anodes use sacrificial anodes directly connected to the structure to be protected. Impressed current uses an external DC power source and inert anodes to impress a current onto the cathode surface. Some applications of cathodic protection include pipelines, ships, and steel in concrete. Potential issues include hydrogen embrittlement of steel, cathodic disbonding of coatings due to hydrogen ions, and cathodic shielding where resistive coatings block protective current.
Coal Gas
Coal GasKareem Tharaa This document discusses different types of coal gas that can be captured and used for power generation. There are four main types: coal seam methane extracted from unmined coal beds consisting primarily of methane; coal mine methane extracted from active mine sites to improve safety; abandoned mine methane released from shut down mines containing 60-80% methane; and syngas produced from underground coal gasification. Coal seam methane and abandoned mine methane have stable gas compositions that can be directly fed into pipelines or used in gas engines, while coal mine methane has varying oxygen and methane levels due to mixing with mine air.
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the exterior of the generator coil. The result is the created and Time Delayed Electromagnetic Field
Energy performs any magnitude of Positive Electro-Mechanical Work at infinite efficiency on the
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A helium boosting and decanting system is typically used in various industrial applications, particularly in the production and handling of gases, including helium including leak test of reciprocating cylinder. Here’s a brief overview of its components and functions:
Components
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Practice Head is assembled with Practice Torpedo intended for carrying out exercise firings. It is assembled with Homing Head in the forward section and oxygen flask in the rear section. Practice Head imparts positive buoyancy to the Torpedo at the end of run. The Practice Head is divided into two compartments viz. Ballast Compartment (Houses Light Device, Depth & Roll Recorder, Signal Flare Ejector, Discharge Valve, Stop Cock, Water discharge Valve, Bellow reducing Valve, Release Mechanism, Recess, Bypass Valve, Pressure Equalizer, Float, Sinking Plug etc.) which provides positive buoyancy at the end of run by discharging water (140 ltrs.) filled in the compartment and Instrument compartment (dry), houses (safety & recovery unit and its battery, combined homing and influence exploder equipment, noise maker, bollards & safety valve etc.) The recess in Ballast compartment houses the float which gets inflated at the end of run to provide floatation to the surfaced Torpedo. Several hand holes/recesses are provided on the casing/shell of Practice Head for assembly of the following components:-
a) Signal Flare Ejector Assembly
b) Depth and Roll Recorder Assembly
c) Light Device
d) Pressure equalizer
e) Drain/Discharge Valve assembly
f) Bollard Assembly
g) Holding for Floater/Balloon Assembly
h) Sinking Valve
i) Safety Valve
j) Inspection hand hole
Technical Details:
SrNo Items Specifications
1 Aluminum Alloy (AlMg5)
Casing Body Material: AlMg5
• Larger Outer Diameter of the Casing: 532.4 MM
• Smaller Outer Diameter of the Casing: 503.05 MM
• Total Length: 1204.20 MM
• Thickness: 6-8 mm
• Structural Details of Casing: The casing is of uniform outer dia for a certain distance from rear side and tapered from a definite distance to the front side. (Refer T-DAP-A1828-GADWG-PH- REV 00)
• Slope of the Tapered Portion: 1/8
• Mass of Casing (Without components mounting, but including the ribs and collars on the body): 58.5 kg
• Maximum External Test Pressure: 12 kgf/cm2
• Maximum Internal Test Pressure:-
i. For Ballast Compartment: 2 kgf/cm2
ii. For Instrument Compartment: 1 kgf/cm2
• Innerspace of casing assembly have 2 compartments:-
i. Ballast Compartment and
ii. Instrument Compartment
• Cut outs/ recesses shall be provided for the assembly of following components.
a) Signal Flare Ejector Assembly
b) Depth and Roll Recorder Assembly
c) Light Device
d) Pressure Equalizer
e) Drain/ discharge valve assembly
2 Front Side Collar Material: AlMg5
• Maximum Outer Diameter: 500 MM
• Pitch Circle Diameter: 468 MM
• All Dimensions as per drawing T-DAP-A1828-MDWG-C&R-REV-00
Application:
In a torpedo, the ballast components and instrument compartment play crucial roles in maintaining stability, control, and overall operational effectiveness. The ballast system primarily manages buoyancy and trim, ensuring that the torpedo maintains a stable trajectory underwater.
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Styrene butadiene rubber
- 1. Table Of Contents I. Introduction. 1 II. The Molecular Formula. 2 III. Production. 3 IV. Types Of SBR. 4 V. Buna S. 4 VI. Properties Of SBR. 5 VII.Appilications. 6 VIII.Flow Sheet. 7 22-Dec-13 Made By Kareem Tharaa
- 2. I.Introduction: • Styrene-butadiene or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) describe families of synthetic rubbers derived from styrene and butadiene. • These materials have good abrasion resistance and good aging stability when protected by additives. • About 50% of car tires are made from types of SBR. • The styrene/butadiene ratio influences the properties of the polymer: with high styrene content, the rubbers are harder and less rubbery. 22-Dec-13 Made By Kareem Tharaa
- 3. II.The Molecular Formula : 22-Dec-13 Made By Kareem Tharaa
- 4. III.Production: From ethanol In other parts of the world, including South America, Eastern Europe, China, and India, butadiene was also produced from ethanol. While not competitive with steam cracking for producing large volumes of butadiene, lower capital costs make production from ethanol a viable option for smaller-capacity plants. Two processes were in use. In the single-step process developed by Sergei Lebedev, ethanol is converted to butadiene, hydrogen, and water at 400–450 °C over any of a variety of metal oxide catalysts. 2 CH3CH2OH → CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2 H2O + H2
- 5. IV.Types of SBR: SBR is derived from two monomers, styrene and butadiene. The mixture of these two monomers are polymerized by two basically different processes: from solution (S-SBR) or as an emulsion (E-SBR). 1. Emulsion polymerization: E-SBR produced by emulsion polymerization is initiated by free radicals. 2. Solution polymerization Solution-SBR is produced by an anionic polymerization process. V.Buna S: The material was initially marketed with the brand name Buna S. Its name derives Bu for butadiene and Na for sodium (natrium in several languages including Latin, German and Dutch), and S for styrene. 22-Dec-13 Made By Kareem Tharaa
- 6. VI.The Properties Of SBR: Property E-SBR Tensile Strength 19 Elongation at tear 635 Glass Transition Temperature -50 Property S-SBR Tensile Strength 18 Elongation at tear 565 Glass Transition Temperature -65 22-Dec-13 Made By Kareem Tharaa
- 7. VII.Applications: 1. The elastomer is used widely in pneumatic tires, shoe heels and soles, gaskets and even chewing gum. 2. It is a commodity material which competes with natural rubber. 3. Latex (emulsion) SBR is extensively used in coated papers, being one of the most cost-effective resins to bind pigmented coatings. 4. It is also used in building applications, as a sealing and binding agent behind renders as an alternative to PVA, but is more expensive. 22-Dec-13 Made By Kareem Tharaa 7