Atp

Oct 26, 2013Download as ppt, pdf8 likes5,640 views

Bioenergetics is the study of energy in living systems and how organisms utilize energy. Organisms require kinetic or potential energy to function. ATP is a high-energy molecule that cells use to store and transport energy released from exergonic reactions like cellular respiration to power endergonic reactions like biosynthesis. ATP is regenerated through coupling exergonic hydrolysis reactions to endergonic synthesis reactions like dehydration. This coupling allows cells to continuously power metabolic pathways.

What is Bioenergetics?
The study of
energy in living
systems
(environments)
and the
organisms
(plants and
animals) that
utilize them
Copyright Cmassengale

2

Energy




Required by
all organisms
May be
Kinetic or
Potential
energy
Copyright Cmassengale

3

Kinetic Energy




Energy of
Motion
Heat and
light energy
are
examples
Copyright Cmassengale

4

Potential Energy



Energy of
position
Includes
energy
stored in
chemical
bonds
Copyright Cmassengale

5

Two Types of
Energy Reactions

Copyright Cmassengale

6

Endergonic Reactions




Chemical reaction that
requires a net input of
energy.
energy
Photosynthesis

SUN

photons

6CO2 + 6H2O →

Light
Energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2
(glucose)

Copyright Cmassengale

7

Exergonic Reactions



Chemical reactions that
releases energy
Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O+

Energy

ATP

(glucose)

Copyright Cmassengale

8

Metabolic Reactions
of Cells

Copyright Cmassengale

9

What is Metabolism?


The sum total
of the
chemical
activities of
all cells.
cells

Copyright Cmassengale

10

Two Types of Metabolism




Anabolic
Pathways
Catabolic
Pathways

Copyright Cmassengale

11

Anabolic Pathway





Metabolic reactions, which
consume energy (endergonic), to
build complicated molecules from
simpler compounds.
light
SUN
energy
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
(glucose)
Copyright Cmassengale

12

Catabolic Pathway




Metabolic reactions which release
energy (exergonic) by breaking
down complex molecules in simpler
compounds
energy
Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O +

ATP

(glucose)
Copyright Cmassengale

13

Cellular Energy ATP

Copyright Cmassengale

14



ATP

Components:
1. adenine: nitrogenous base
2. ribose: five carbon sugar
3.phosphate group: chain of 3

adenine

phosphate group
P

P

P

ribose
Copyright Cmassengale

15

Adenosine Triphosphate




Three
phosphate
groups-(two
with high
energy bonds
Last phosphate
group (PO4)
contains the
MOST energy
Copyright Cmassengale

16

Breaking the Bonds of ATP




Process is called
phosphorylation
Occurs continually
in cells
Enzyme ATP-ase
can weaken &
break last PO4
bond releasing
energy & free PO4
Copyright Cmassengale

17

How does ATP work ?




Organisms use enzymes to
break down energy-rich
glucose to release its
potential energy
This energy is trapped and
stored in the form of
adenosine triphosphate(ATP)
Copyright Cmassengale

18

How Much ATP Do Cells Use?


It is estimated
that each cell
will generate
and consume
approximately
10,000,000
molecules of
ATP per second
Copyright Cmassengale

19

Coupled Reaction - ATP


The exergonic
hydrolysis of ATP
is coupled with
the endergonic
dehydration
H2O
process by
transferring a
phosphate group
to another
H2O
molecule.
Copyright Cmassengale

20

Hydrolysis of ATP
ATP + H2O →

ADP + P

(exergonic)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
P

P

P
Hydrolysis
(add water)

P

P

+

P

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Copyright Cmassengale

21

Hyrolysis is Exergonic

Energy
Used
by
Cells

Copyright Cmassengale

22

Dehydration of ATP
ADP + P
→
(endergonic)

ATP + H2O
Dehydration
(Remove H2O
P

P

+

P

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
P
Copyright Cmassengale

P

P
23

Dehydration is Endergonic
Energy
is
restored
in
Chemical
Bonds

Copyright Cmassengale

24

How many high energy
phosphate bonds does ATP
have?

Copyright Cmassengale

26

Which is true of photosyntheis?
Anabolic

or

Catabolic

Exergonic

Or

Endergonic

Copyright Cmassengale

27

The breakdown of ATP is
due to:
Dehydration

or

Hydrolysis

H2O added

or

H2O removed

Copyright Cmassengale

28

Which Reactions are often
Coupled in Organisms
Hydrolysis

BOTH
or

Dehydration

Anabolism

or
BOTH

Catabolism

Endergonic

or
BOTH
Copyright Cmassengale

Exergonic
29

Ready for the test?
If not, review and
try again!!!
Copyright Cmassengale

30

1. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is composed of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. It acts as the main energy currency in cells. 2. ATP stores and transports chemical energy within cells by breaking its high-energy phosphate bonds. When a cell needs energy, it hydrolyzes ATP to ADP, releasing energy. Excess energy is stored by reforming ATP from ADP and phosphate. 3. ATP is uniquely suited to act as the primary energy carrier in cells. Its high-energy bonds are unstable and readily broken to fuel cellular reactions, then reformed when energy is available. This allows ATP to efficiently provide short-term energy storage and transport.

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