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Early Italian Renaissance

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mrsbauerart

The document discusses the Italian Early Renaissance, which occurred in Florence from 1400-1479. It was a period of rebirth fueled by a return to learning based on classical Greek and Roman texts. Artists such as Lorenzo Ghiberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Masaccio, and Donatello pioneered techniques like linear perspective and created highly realistic works that captured human emotion, moving art toward naturalism.

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The Italian Early A Time of Rebirth. Renaissance
Historical and Cultural Context • Occurred in Florence, Italy from 1400-1479. • A return to learning based on Classical (Ancient Greek and Roman) texts. • Fueled by the ideas of Humanism. • Most works of art were generally commissioned and paid for by private buyers.
Humanism • Humanists studied ancient Greek and Roman (Classical) texts. • Focused on five humanities: poetry, grammar, history, moral philosophy and rhetoric. • Emphasized the importance of human values instead of religious beliefs. • Focused on using reason and logic to understand people and nature.
The Medici family, wealthy bankers in Florence, helped to fund the artists of the Renaissance.
Linear Perspective • Developed during the Early Renaissance. • A method for representing objects in depth on a flat surface by means of using a single vanishing point.
Masters of the Early Renaissance • Lorenzo Ghiberti • Filippo Brunelleschi • Masaccio • Donatello
Lorenzo Ghiberti • 1378-1455 • Won a competition to create the doors to the baptistry of the Florence Cathedral (The Duomo). • His work earned him a second commission, to create another set of doors, which were a tribute to Humanism. Michelangelo called them “The Gates of Paradise.”
Filippo Brunelleschi • 1377-1446 • Architect - created the dome of the Florence Cathedral (The Duomo). • Created the Renaissance style which copied and improved on classical forms. • Father of linear perspective.
Brunelleschi’s The Duomo (1420-1436)
Linear Perspective Demonstration The first Baptistery panel was constructed with a hole drilled through the vanishing point. Brunelleschi intended that it be observed by the viewer holding the unpainted back of the picture against his/her eye with one hand, and a mirror in the other hand facing and reflecting the painted side.
Masaccio • 1401-1428 • The best painter of his generation because of his skill at recreating lifelike figures and movements as well as a convincing sense of three- dimensionality • One of the first to use linear perspective in his painting, employing techniques such as vanishing point in art for the first time The Distribution of Alms and Death of Ananias.
Masaccio’s Holy Trinity (1427) • Earliest surviving painting to use systematic linear perspective. • In Santa Maria Novella, Florence.
Donatello • 1386-1466 • Assisted Lorenzo Ghiberti with the statues of prophets for the north door of the Florence Baptistery. • Traveled to Rome with Brunelleschi to study the ancient ruins.
Donatello’s The David (1430) • Commissioned by Cosimo de' Medici. • The first major work of Renaissance sculpture. • Marked a move toward naturalism and the rendering of human feelings in the human figure.

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Early Italian Renaissance

  • 1. The Italian Early A Time of Rebirth. Renaissance
  • 2. Historical and Cultural Context • Occurred in Florence, Italy from 1400-1479. • A return to learning based on Classical (Ancient Greek and Roman) texts. • Fueled by the ideas of Humanism. • Most works of art were generally commissioned and paid for by private buyers.
  • 3. Humanism • Humanists studied ancient Greek and Roman (Classical) texts. • Focused on five humanities: poetry, grammar, history, moral philosophy and rhetoric. • Emphasized the importance of human values instead of religious beliefs. • Focused on using reason and logic to understand people and nature.
  • 4. The Medici family, wealthy bankers in Florence, helped to fund the artists of the Renaissance.
  • 5. Linear Perspective • Developed during the Early Renaissance. • A method for representing objects in depth on a flat surface by means of using a single vanishing point.
  • 6. Masters of the Early Renaissance • Lorenzo Ghiberti • Filippo Brunelleschi • Masaccio • Donatello
  • 7. Lorenzo Ghiberti • 1378-1455 • Won a competition to create the doors to the baptistry of the Florence Cathedral (The Duomo). • His work earned him a second commission, to create another set of doors, which were a tribute to Humanism. Michelangelo called them “The Gates of Paradise.”
  • 8. Filippo Brunelleschi • 1377-1446 • Architect - created the dome of the Florence Cathedral (The Duomo). • Created the Renaissance style which copied and improved on classical forms. • Father of linear perspective.
  • 10. Linear Perspective Demonstration The first Baptistery panel was constructed with a hole drilled through the vanishing point. Brunelleschi intended that it be observed by the viewer holding the unpainted back of the picture against his/her eye with one hand, and a mirror in the other hand facing and reflecting the painted side.
  • 11. Masaccio • 1401-1428 • The best painter of his generation because of his skill at recreating lifelike figures and movements as well as a convincing sense of three- dimensionality • One of the first to use linear perspective in his painting, employing techniques such as vanishing point in art for the first time The Distribution of Alms and Death of Ananias.
  • 12. Masaccio’s Holy Trinity (1427) • Earliest surviving painting to use systematic linear perspective. • In Santa Maria Novella, Florence.
  • 13. Donatello • 1386-1466 • Assisted Lorenzo Ghiberti with the statues of prophets for the north door of the Florence Baptistery. • Traveled to Rome with Brunelleschi to study the ancient ruins.
  • 14. Donatello’s The David (1430) • Commissioned by Cosimo de' Medici. • The first major work of Renaissance sculpture. • Marked a move toward naturalism and the rendering of human feelings in the human figure.

Editor's Notes