Components of MRI
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The MRI machine contains a large bore that holds several important components, including a powerful magnet. The magnet, which is usually a superconducting magnet, generates a strong and uniform magnetic field around the patient. Gradient coils are also used to distort the field during imaging. RF coils transmit signals to and receive signals from the patient's tissues to produce images. MRI can be used to image both anatomy and physiology, and is particularly useful for visualizing soft tissues and internal organs in 3D without exposing the patient to radiation.
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Raish Khanji GTU 8th sem Internship Report.pdf
Raish Khanji GTU 8th sem Internship Report.pdfRaishKhanji This report details the practical experiences gained during an internship at Indo German Tool
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understanding of lathe and milling machines. Furthermore, the internship incorporated
modern welding technology, notably through the application of an Augmented Reality (AR)
simulator, offering a safe and effective environment for skill development. Exposure to
industrial automation was achieved through practical exercises in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) using Siemens TIA software and direct operation of industrial robots
utilizing teach pendants. The principles and practical aspects of Computer Numerical Control
(CNC) technology were also explored. Complementing these manufacturing processes, the
internship included extensive application of SolidWorks software for design and modeling tasks. This comprehensive practical training has provided a foundational understanding of
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Taking AI Welfare Seriously, In this report, we argue that there is a realist...
Taking AI Welfare Seriously, In this report, we argue that there is a realist...MiguelMarques372250 In this report, we argue that there is a realistic possibility that some AI systems
will be conscious and/or robustly agentic in the near future. That means that the
prospect of AI welfare and moral patienthood — of AI systems with their own
interests and moral significance — is no longer an issue only for sci-fi or the
distant future. It is an issue for the near future, and AI companies and other actors
have a responsibility to start taking it seriously. We also recommend three early
steps that AI companies and other actors can take: They can (1) acknowledge that
AI welfare is an important and difficult issue (and ensure that language model
outputs do the same), (2) start assessing AI systems for evidence of consciousness
and robust agency, and (3) prepare policies and procedures for treating AI systems
with an appropriate level of moral concern. To be clear, our argument in this
report is not that AI systems definitely are — or will be — conscious, robustly
agentic, or otherwise morally significant. Instead, our argument is that there is
substantial uncertainty about these possibilities, and so we need to improve our
understanding of AI welfare and our ability to make wise decisions about this
issue. Otherwise there is a significant risk that we will mishandle decisions about
AI welfare, mistakenly harming AI systems that matter morally and/or mistakenly
caring for AI systems that do not.
Development of MLR, ANN and ANFIS Models for Estimation of PCUs at Different ...
Development of MLR, ANN and ANFIS Models for Estimation of PCUs at Different ...Journal of Soft Computing in Civil Engineering Passenger car unit (PCU) of a vehicle type depends on vehicular characteristics, stream characteristics, roadway characteristics, environmental factors, climate conditions and control conditions. Keeping in view various factors affecting PCU, a model was developed taking a volume to capacity ratio and percentage share of particular vehicle type as independent parameters. A microscopic traffic simulation model VISSIM has been used in present study for generating traffic flow data which some time very difficult to obtain from field survey. A comparison study was carried out with the purpose of verifying when the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models are appropriate for prediction of PCUs of different vehicle types. From the results observed that ANFIS model estimates were closer to the corresponding simulated PCU values compared to MLR and ANN models. It is concluded that the ANFIS model showed greater potential in predicting PCUs from v/c ratio and proportional share for all type of vehicles whereas MLR and ANN models did not perform well.
Development of MLR, ANN and ANFIS Models for Estimation of PCUs at Different ...
Development of MLR, ANN and ANFIS Models for Estimation of PCUs at Different ...Journal of Soft Computing in Civil Engineering
Components of MRI
- 2. • A tube like structure, which is called the bore, holds the components of the MRI machine. It is similar to the Gantry in CT scan machine. • The bore holds the following components: Magnet Gradient Coil Shim Coil RF Coil Computer
- 3. • The biggest and most important component of an MRI system is the magnet. This isn't just any magnet -- we're dealing with an incredibly strong system here, one capable of producing a large, stable magnetic field. • There are several different types of magnets that can be used to produce the magnetic field. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. • The magnets used are: Superconducting, Resistive and Permanent magnet. But the most commonly used magnet is Superconducting magnet.
- 4. • When the MRI system is in a resting state and not actually producing an image, the magnetic field is quite uniform or homogeneous over the region of the patient’s body. • However, during the imaging process the field must be distorted with gradients. • A gradient is just a change in field strength from one point to another in the patient’s body. • The gradients are produced by a set of gradient coils, which are contained within the magnet assembly.
- 5. • One of the requirements for good imaging is a homogeneous magnet field. • This is a field in which there is a uniform field strength over the image area. • Shimming is the process of adjusting the magnetic field to make it more uniform.
- 6. • The RF coils are located within the magnet assembly and relatively close to the patient’s body. These coils function as the antennae for both transmitting signals to and receiving signals from the tissue. There are different coil designs for different anatomical regions. The three basic types are body, head, and surface coils. • The MRI process uses RF signals to transmit the image from the patient’s body. The RF energy used is a form of non-ionizing radiation. The RF pulses that are applied to the patient’s body are absorbed by the tissue and converted to heat. A small amount of the energy is emitted by the body as signals used to produce an image.
- 7. • MRI can be used for both; Physiology and Anatomy. • They are particularly useful for showing soft tissue structures, such as ligaments and cartilage, and organs such as the brain, heart, and eyes. • They can provide information about how the blood moves through certain organs and blood vessels, allowing problems with blood circulation, such as blockages, to be identified. • It is a non ionizing technique, which means no radiations. • The image is a 3D image.