SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Media in microbiology

•Download as PPT, PDF•
•
Musa Khan
Musa Khan

Microbiological culture media can be classified in several ways including consistency, nutritional components, and functional use. The key types are liquid media used for broth cultures, solid media using agar plates for isolated colonies, and semi-solid media for examining motility. Media are also classified based on their nutritional components as simple, complex, synthetic or enriched. Classification by functional use includes basal media for general growth, selective media using inhibitors, enrichment media to recover pathogens, differential media using indicators, and transport media to maintain viability during shipment. Proper culture media are vital for microbiology studies and different media types are used for isolating, identifying and examining the growth of microorganisms.

1 of 36
Downloaded 2,733 times
CULTURE MEDIA USED INCULTURE MEDIA USED IN MICROBIOLOGYMICROBIOLOGY SALMAN TAUSIFSALMAN TAUSIF SENIOR TECHNOLOGISTSENIOR TECHNOLOGIST CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGYCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiological culture Method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture media under controlled laboratory conditions
How many types of growth media? There are two major types of growth media: cell culture, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals microbiological culture, which are used for growing microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeast.
Important Reasons For Bacterial Culturing  Isolating a bacterium from sites in body normally known to be sterile indication of its role in the disease process.  Culturing bacteria is also the initial step in studying its morphology an its identification.  Bacteria have to be cultured in order to obtain antigens from developing serological assay for vaccines  Certain genetic studies and manipulations of the cells also need that bacteria be cultured in vitro.  Culturing on solid media is another convenient way of separating bacteria in mixture
Composition of culture media:  Provide similar environmental and nutritional conditions that exist in its natural habitat An artificial culture medium must provide all the nutritional components that a bacterium gets in its natural habitat. A culture medium contains water, a source of carbon & energy, source of nitrogen, trace elements and some growth factors The pH of the medium must be set accordingly
ClassificationClassification:: Bacterial culture media can be classifiedBacterial culture media can be classified in at least three waysin at least three ways 1.CONSISTANCY 2.NUTRITIONAL COMPONENT 3.FUNCTIONAL USE
Media in microbiology
1) Classification based on consistency: A. Liquid media : . . These are available for use in test-tubes, bottles or flasks. Liquid media are sometimes referred as “broths” (e.g nutrient broth). In liquid medium, bacteria grow uniformly producing general turbidity
1) Classification based on consistency: B.Solid media: An agar plate is aAn agar plate is a Petri dishPetri dish that contains athat contains a growth mediumgrowth medium (typically(typically agaragar plus nutrientsplus nutrients) used toused to cultureculture microorganismsmicroorganisms.. Agar is the most commonly used solidifying agent
1) Classification based on consistency: C) Semi-solid agar: Such media are fairly soft and are useful in demonstrating bacterial motility and separating motile from non-motile strains Hugh & Leifson’s oxidation fermentation
Examples of Semi-solid media
2) Classification based on nutritional component: Simple media: Simple media such as peptone water, nutrient agar can support most non-fastidious bacteria. Complex media such as blood agar have ingredients whose exact components are difficult to estimate ComplexComplex media:media: specially prepared media for research purposes where the composition of every component is well known. Synthetic media:Synthetic media:
3) Classification based on functional use or application: Basal media Enriched media Selective media Enrichment media Differential media Transport media Anaerobic media
3) Classification based on functional use or application: • Basal media Basal media are basically simple media that supports most non-fastidious bacteria Examples of Basal media:Examples of Basal media: Peptone water, nutrient broth and nutrient agar
3) Classification based on functional use or application: Addition of extra nutrients in the form blood,serum,eggyolk etc to basal medium makes them enriched media Enriched mediaEnriched media Examples of Enriched media:Examples of Enriched media: Chocolate agarChocolate agar Blood agarBlood agar
CHOCOLATE AGAR • Chocolate agar - is a non-selective, enriched growth medium. containing red blood cells that have been lysed by slowly heating to 80 °C. Chocolate agar is used for growing fastidious bacteria, such as Haemophilus influenzae .
BLOOD AGAR • Blood agar plate (BAP) Contains mammalian blood (usually sheep or horse), typically at a concentration of 5– 10%. BAP are enriched, differential media used to isolate fastidious organisms and detect hemolytic activity
3) Classification based on functional use or application: Selective media enrichment media are designed to inhibit unwanted commensal or contaminating bacteria and help to recover pathogen from a mixture of bacteria Any agar media can be made selective by addition of certain inhibitory agents that don’t affect the pathogen. to make a medium selective include addition of antibiotics, dyes, chemicals, alteration of pH or a combination of these
Examples of Selective media • Thayer Martin Medium selective for Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Examples of Selective media EMB agar is selective for gram-negative bacteria.  The dye methylene blue in the medium inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria; small amounts of this dye effectively inhibit the growth of most gram-positive bacteria
Examples of Selective media • Campylobacter Agar (CAMPY) is used for the selective isolation of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni from fecal or rectal swabs
• L.J IS A SOLID MEDIUM USED FOR MTB LOWEINSTON JENSON
3) Classification based on functional use or application: Enrichment media liquid media that also serves to inhibit commensal in the clinical specimen. Selenite F broth and alkaline peptone water are used to recover pathogens from fecal specimens.
3) Classification based on functional use or application: Differential media Certain media are designed in such a way that different bacteria can be recognized on the basis of their colony colour Various approaches include incorporation of dyes, metabolic substrates etc, so that those bacteria that utilize them appear as differently coloured colonies. Example of differential mediaExample of differential media MacConkey’s agar, CLED agar, TCBS agar, XLD agar etc
MacConkey Agar culture medium designed to grow Gram-negative bacteria and differentiate them for lactose fermentation It contains bile salts (to inhibit most Gram- positive bacteria), crystal violet dye (which also inhibits certain Gram-positive bacteria)
XYLOSE LYSINE DEOXYCHOLATE AGAR • XLD is used as a selective and differential medium for the recovery of Salmonella and Shigella species.
CYSTEINE LACTOSE ELECTROLYTE DIFFECIENT AGAR • C.L.E.D. Agar is a non selective solid medium for cultivation of pathogens from urine specimens. Lack of salts (electrolytes) inhibits swarming of Proteus sp.
Fungal media • Dermatophyte test medium  Examples of Differential media
3) Classification based on functional use or application: Transport media Clinical specimens must be transported to the laboratory immediately after collection to prevent overgrowth of contaminating organisms or commensals. This can be achieved by using transport media. Example of Transport mediaExample of Transport media Cary Blair medium for campylobacter species Alkaline peptone water medium for v. cholerae.
Some important criteria of Transport media Transport media should fulfill the following criteria: • temporary storage of specimens being transported to the laboratory for cultivation. • maintain the viability of all organisms in the specimen without altering their concentration. • contain only buffers and salt. • lack of carbon, nitrogen, and organic growth factors so as to prevent microbial multiplication. • transport media used in the isolation of anaerobes must be free of molecular oxygen.
3) Classification based on functional use or application: Anaerobic media Anaerobic bacteria need special media for growth because they need low oxygen content, reduced oxidation –reduction potential and extra nutrients. Media for anaerobes may have to be supplemented with nutrients like hemin and vitamin K Boiling the medium serves to expel any dissolved oxygen Example of Anaerobic mediaExample of Anaerobic media Thioglycollate medium
CULTURE MEDIA Culture media are vital to microbiology , Without good media there is little chance that good results will emerge from the laboratory
CULTURE MEDIA • Important steps of maufacturing protocol that the culture medium has undergone before reaching the laboratory
1.Raw material selected, tested or purchased to quality specification
2.Manufacturing standards operating procedures, in-process controls,good manufacturing practice operations.
Quality tests chemical and biological parameter checked to ensure end products meet product quality specification, packaging,labelling and storage are important

More Related Content

Media in microbiology

  • 1. CULTURE MEDIA USED INCULTURE MEDIA USED IN MICROBIOLOGYMICROBIOLOGY SALMAN TAUSIFSALMAN TAUSIF SENIOR TECHNOLOGISTSENIOR TECHNOLOGIST CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGYCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
  • 2. Microbiological culture Method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture media under controlled laboratory conditions
  • 3. How many types of growth media? There are two major types of growth media: cell culture, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals microbiological culture, which are used for growing microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeast.
  • 4. Important Reasons For Bacterial Culturing  Isolating a bacterium from sites in body normally known to be sterile indication of its role in the disease process.  Culturing bacteria is also the initial step in studying its morphology an its identification.  Bacteria have to be cultured in order to obtain antigens from developing serological assay for vaccines  Certain genetic studies and manipulations of the cells also need that bacteria be cultured in vitro.  Culturing on solid media is another convenient way of separating bacteria in mixture
  • 5. Composition of culture media:  Provide similar environmental and nutritional conditions that exist in its natural habitat An artificial culture medium must provide all the nutritional components that a bacterium gets in its natural habitat. A culture medium contains water, a source of carbon & energy, source of nitrogen, trace elements and some growth factors The pH of the medium must be set accordingly
  • 6. ClassificationClassification:: Bacterial culture media can be classifiedBacterial culture media can be classified in at least three waysin at least three ways 1.CONSISTANCY 2.NUTRITIONAL COMPONENT 3.FUNCTIONAL USE
  • 8. 1) Classification based on consistency: A. Liquid media : . . These are available for use in test-tubes, bottles or flasks. Liquid media are sometimes referred as “broths” (e.g nutrient broth). In liquid medium, bacteria grow uniformly producing general turbidity
  • 9. 1) Classification based on consistency: B.Solid media: An agar plate is aAn agar plate is a Petri dishPetri dish that contains athat contains a growth mediumgrowth medium (typically(typically agaragar plus nutrientsplus nutrients) used toused to cultureculture microorganismsmicroorganisms.. Agar is the most commonly used solidifying agent
  • 10. 1) Classification based on consistency: C) Semi-solid agar: Such media are fairly soft and are useful in demonstrating bacterial motility and separating motile from non-motile strains Hugh & Leifson’s oxidation fermentation
  • 12. 2) Classification based on nutritional component: Simple media: Simple media such as peptone water, nutrient agar can support most non-fastidious bacteria. Complex media such as blood agar have ingredients whose exact components are difficult to estimate ComplexComplex media:media: specially prepared media for research purposes where the composition of every component is well known. Synthetic media:Synthetic media:
  • 13. 3) Classification based on functional use or application: Basal media Enriched media Selective media Enrichment media Differential media Transport media Anaerobic media
  • 14. 3) Classification based on functional use or application: • Basal media Basal media are basically simple media that supports most non-fastidious bacteria Examples of Basal media:Examples of Basal media: Peptone water, nutrient broth and nutrient agar
  • 15. 3) Classification based on functional use or application: Addition of extra nutrients in the form blood,serum,eggyolk etc to basal medium makes them enriched media Enriched mediaEnriched media Examples of Enriched media:Examples of Enriched media: Chocolate agarChocolate agar Blood agarBlood agar
  • 16. CHOCOLATE AGAR • Chocolate agar - is a non-selective, enriched growth medium. containing red blood cells that have been lysed by slowly heating to 80 °C. Chocolate agar is used for growing fastidious bacteria, such as Haemophilus influenzae .
  • 17. BLOOD AGAR • Blood agar plate (BAP) Contains mammalian blood (usually sheep or horse), typically at a concentration of 5– 10%. BAP are enriched, differential media used to isolate fastidious organisms and detect hemolytic activity
  • 18. 3) Classification based on functional use or application: Selective media enrichment media are designed to inhibit unwanted commensal or contaminating bacteria and help to recover pathogen from a mixture of bacteria Any agar media can be made selective by addition of certain inhibitory agents that don’t affect the pathogen. to make a medium selective include addition of antibiotics, dyes, chemicals, alteration of pH or a combination of these
  • 19. Examples of Selective media • Thayer Martin Medium selective for Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • 20. Examples of Selective media EMB agar is selective for gram-negative bacteria.  The dye methylene blue in the medium inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria; small amounts of this dye effectively inhibit the growth of most gram-positive bacteria
  • 21. Examples of Selective media • Campylobacter Agar (CAMPY) is used for the selective isolation of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni from fecal or rectal swabs
  • 22. • L.J IS A SOLID MEDIUM USED FOR MTB LOWEINSTON JENSON
  • 23. 3) Classification based on functional use or application: Enrichment media liquid media that also serves to inhibit commensal in the clinical specimen. Selenite F broth and alkaline peptone water are used to recover pathogens from fecal specimens.
  • 24. 3) Classification based on functional use or application: Differential media Certain media are designed in such a way that different bacteria can be recognized on the basis of their colony colour Various approaches include incorporation of dyes, metabolic substrates etc, so that those bacteria that utilize them appear as differently coloured colonies. Example of differential mediaExample of differential media MacConkey’s agar, CLED agar, TCBS agar, XLD agar etc
  • 25. MacConkey Agar culture medium designed to grow Gram-negative bacteria and differentiate them for lactose fermentation It contains bile salts (to inhibit most Gram- positive bacteria), crystal violet dye (which also inhibits certain Gram-positive bacteria)
  • 26. XYLOSE LYSINE DEOXYCHOLATE AGAR • XLD is used as a selective and differential medium for the recovery of Salmonella and Shigella species.
  • 27. CYSTEINE LACTOSE ELECTROLYTE DIFFECIENT AGAR • C.L.E.D. Agar is a non selective solid medium for cultivation of pathogens from urine specimens. Lack of salts (electrolytes) inhibits swarming of Proteus sp.
  • 28. Fungal media • Dermatophyte test medium  Examples of Differential media
  • 29. 3) Classification based on functional use or application: Transport media Clinical specimens must be transported to the laboratory immediately after collection to prevent overgrowth of contaminating organisms or commensals. This can be achieved by using transport media. Example of Transport mediaExample of Transport media Cary Blair medium for campylobacter species Alkaline peptone water medium for v. cholerae.
  • 30. Some important criteria of Transport media Transport media should fulfill the following criteria: • temporary storage of specimens being transported to the laboratory for cultivation. • maintain the viability of all organisms in the specimen without altering their concentration. • contain only buffers and salt. • lack of carbon, nitrogen, and organic growth factors so as to prevent microbial multiplication. • transport media used in the isolation of anaerobes must be free of molecular oxygen.
  • 31. 3) Classification based on functional use or application: Anaerobic media Anaerobic bacteria need special media for growth because they need low oxygen content, reduced oxidation –reduction potential and extra nutrients. Media for anaerobes may have to be supplemented with nutrients like hemin and vitamin K Boiling the medium serves to expel any dissolved oxygen Example of Anaerobic mediaExample of Anaerobic media Thioglycollate medium
  • 32. CULTURE MEDIA Culture media are vital to microbiology , Without good media there is little chance that good results will emerge from the laboratory
  • 33. CULTURE MEDIA • Important steps of maufacturing protocol that the culture medium has undergone before reaching the laboratory
  • 34. 1.Raw material selected, tested or purchased to quality specification
  • 35. 2.Manufacturing standards operating procedures, in-process controls,good manufacturing practice operations.
  • 36. Quality tests chemical and biological parameter checked to ensure end products meet product quality specification, packaging,labelling and storage are important