Basic Ups
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The document summarizes a technical seminar presented by Sandesh Pradhan of Aplab Limited on uninterrupted power supply (UPS) systems. Aplab is India's largest private electronics manufacturer. UPS systems provide backup power between the utility network and critical loads to protect against power disturbances. There are two main types of UPS systems - offline UPS briefly interrupt power during outages while online UPS provide constant regulated output without interruption. The seminar discussed UPS principles, components like rectifiers and inverters, and configurations including isolated redundant and distributed parallel setups.
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• Industrial process equipment – e.g. precision manufacturing.
• Medical equipment – e.g. life support and monitoring systems.
• Telecommunications network equipment – e.g. PABX.
• Point of sales (POS) terminals – e.g retailing environment.
• On-line business transactions – e.g. internet shopping.
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• data loss or corruption due to software crashing
• Expensive hardware failure including component damage – e.g. due to power sags,
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6. Bistable Mode
In bistable (also called Schmitt trigger) mode, the 555 timer acts as a basic flip-flop.
The trigger and reset inputs (pins 2 and 4 respectively on a 555) are held high via pull-up resistors while the threshold input (pin 6) is simply floating.
Thus configured, pulling the trigger momentarily to ground acts as a 'set' and transitions the output pin (pin 3) to Vcc (high state).
Pulling the reset input to ground acts as a 'reset' and transitions the output pin to ground (low state). No timing capacitors
Pin 5 (control voltage) is connected to ground via a small-value capacitor (usually 0.01 to 0.1 μF). Pin 7 (discharge) is left floating
7.Monostable Mode
Pulse generator circuit which the period is calculated from RC network and connected to external of 555 timer
Stable when the output logic LOW (logic = 0)
When a pulse is trigger at pin 2 (normally negative trigger pulse), timer output will change to HIGH (+Vs) for a while and change to LOW (stable condition). The condition will continue LOW until pulse is trigger again.
The timing period is triggered (started) when trigger input (555 pin 2) is less than 1/3 Vs, this makes the output high (+Vs) and the capacitor C1 starts to charge through resistor R1. Once the time period has started further trigger pulses are ignored.
The threshold input (555 pin 6) monitors the voltage across C1 and when this reaches 2/3 Vs the time period over and the output becomes LOW,
At the same time discharge (555 pin 7) is connected to 0V, discharging the capacitor ready for the next trigger.
8.Astable Mode
Astable multivibrators are also known as Free-running Multivibrator.
Astable do not need trigger pulse for external to change the output.
The period for LOW and HIGH can be calculated based on resistor and capacitor value that connected at outside of timer.
9.Applications
Schmitt trigger
PPM
PWM
Linear Ramp generator
Precision Timing
Pulse Generation
Time Delay Generation
Sequential Timing
Used as a quad timer
10. Conclusion
Hence 555 IC timer can produce very accurate and stable time delays, from microseconds to hours. It can be used with supply voltage varying from 5 to 18 V. Timer can be used in monostable mode of operation or astable mode of operation. Its various applications include waveform generator, missing pulse detector, frequency divider, pulse width modulator, burglar alarm, FSK generator, ramp generator, pulse position modulator etc.
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- 1. Technical Seminar by Sandesh Pradhan (Aplab Limited – Thane )
- 2. Head Office - Thane
- 3. ISO 9001 2000 certified company India’s largest private Electronic Equipment manufacturer. Started as R&D Laboratory by Mr. P S Deodhar
- 4. U ninterrupted P ower S upply ( UPS )
- 5. UPS is the Mid-Point Between Utility & Critical Load POWER STATION UTILITY NETWORK UPS CRITICAL LOAD
- 6. Typical Mains Disturbances 3% of failures are related to direct power failures. The rest is mainly due to fluctuations. TRANSIENT Voltage Surge NOISE NOTCHES VOLTAGE DISTORTION MOMENTARY INTERRUPTION LONG-TERM INTERRUPTION FREQUENCY VARIATION SAG SWELL UNDER VOLTAGE OVER VOLTAGE
- 7. UPS Principle 3 Phase Input Voltage 3 x 415 Vac Frequency 50 Hz 6-pulse thyristor-controlled Optional : 12pulse thyristor-controlled Standard DC Voltages Lead acid Nickel Cadmium 1- or 3-Phase Output Transistorized or IGBT PWM - controlled Inverter POWER IN POWER OUT
- 8. Rectifier Battery Inverter Bypass SWIN SWMB SWOUT SWBY FROM INPUT DB TO OUTPUT DB UPS BLOCK START PROCEDURE * CHECK SWIN, WSMB, SWBY & SWOUT SWITCHES ARE OFF. * PUT SWOUT, SWBY ON. * WAIT FOR A MINUTE. * PUT SWIN ON. * KEEP SWMB OFF ALWAYS. FOR PUTTING IT ON, REFER MANUAL. STOP PROCEDURE * PUTOFF SWOUT. * PUTOFF SWIN. * PUTOFF SWBY
- 9. Off - line UPS What is a UPS ? Off-line definition: The UPS is “sleeping” in normal mode At power failures, power will drop out in 5-20 mSec, until the UPS “wakes up”. Input voltage Output voltage critical UPS
- 10. On-line UPS What is a UPS ? Input voltage Output voltage On-line definition: The UPS is active in normal mode. The UPS is constantly regulating the output voltage without any interruption or variations . UPS
- 11. Rectifier Battery Inverter Bypass SWMB FROM INPUT DB UPS BLOCK 1 Rectifier Battery Inverter SWMB FROM INPUT DB TO OUTPUT DB UPS BLOCK 2 Static switch Static switch ISOLATED REDUNDANT CONFIGURATION
- 12. Rectifier Battery Inverter Bypass SWMB FROM INPUT DB UPS BLOCK 1 Rectifier Battery Inverter SWMB FROM INPUT DB TO OUTPUT DB UPS BLOCK 2 Static switch Static switch DISTRIBUTED PARALLEL CONFIGURATION Bypass
- 13. Rectifier Battery Inverter Bypass SWMB FROM INPUT DB UPS BLOCK 1 Rectifier Battery Inverter FROM INPUT DB TO OUTPUT DB UPS BLOCK 2 Static switch CENTRALISED PARALLEL CONFIGURATION
- 25. Thanks