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Gramar book s2

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This document provides a grammar book outline for the second semester of Spanish. It includes summaries and examples of grammatical concepts like the imperfect, preterite, irregular preterite verbs, modal verbs, adverbs, progressive and past progressive tenses, demonstratives, futures, superlatives, formal commands, command charts, prepositions, and conditionals. The document provides conjugation charts and explanations for how to use these various Spanish grammar concepts.

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Gramar Book Second Semester Santo Pennington
Table of Contents  Page 3- Imperfect  Page 4- Preterito  Page 5- Irregular Preterito  Page 6- spock  Page 7- cucaracha  Page 8- snakes/snakeys  Page 9- modal verbs  Page 10- Adverbs  Page 11- Progressive tense  Page 12- Past progressive  Page 13- Demonstratives  Page 14- Futuro  Page 15- Superlatives  Page 16- formal commands  Page 17- command chart  Page 18-Prepositions  Page 19-Conditional
Imperfect Aba abamos Abas aba Abais Aban AR Ia Iamos Ias Ia Iais Ian ER Ia Iamos Ias ia Iais Ian IR 3
Preterito  Preteritos are for speaking about an action that was ongoing in the past  There are many types of irregular prederites  The endings are: É Amos Í Imos Aste -------------- Iste ------------------- Ó Aron Ió Ieron 4
Irregular Preterito (-car,-gar, -zar) Tocar Jugar Comenzar toqué Jugué Comencé Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste tocó Jugó Comenzó Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos tocaron jugaron comenzaron The irregular prederites are irregular because the spelling in the “yo” form must change from the regular endings to keep the same sound.
Spock Fui Fuimos I Imos Fuiste Iste Fue Fueron o Ieron Hice Hizimos Hiciste Hizo Hicieron
cucaracha Andar Anduv Estar Estuv Poder Pud Endings: Poner Pus É imos Querer Quis Iste Isteis O ieron Saber Sup Tener Tuv Venir Vin Decir Dij Traer Traj Drop the I Conducir Conduj in the 3rd producir Produj plural form traducir Traduj
Snake/snakies  Only change in third person  Examples: leer and creer change from e to y  Oir changes from I to Y
Modal Verbs  Ir+a+infinitive  Going to do something  Poder+infinitive  Are able to do something  Querer+infinitive  Want to do something  Deber+infinitives  Should do something  Tener que+infinitive  To have to do something  Soler+infinitive  To be accustomed to  Necesistar+infinitive  To need to do something
Adverbs  Adverbs come mostly in the “mente” form. This means that you would drop the last two letters, change the word to a feminine form, and then add “mente” to the end of it  There are also irregular adverbs such as: muy, mucho, mas, peor, siempre, nunca, poco, tan, demasiado, y bastande  If a word ends in “e”, then there is no need to change it before “mente-ing” it because it has no feminine form
Progressive Tense  The progressive tense is used to show that you are currently doing an action. To make a verb progressive you drop the last two letters, and add either ando, iendo, or yendo Ando Iendo Yendo • Ar verbs • Ir verbs • Used for the • Ex: bailar • Ex: comer verb “ir” into into • Used for bailando comiendo words that have double vowels • Ex: leer into leyendo
Past Progressive  The past progressive is basically the progressive present tense, but using the “abas” and “ibas”  It is used to say that you were in the process of doing something in the past using the imperfect  Ex: estaba comiendo (I was eating)  Ex 2: Estaba corriendo (I was running)
Demonstratives Aqui Esto Estos Alli Eso Esos Alla Aquel Aquella If there is an accent over the “e”, then the demonstrative acts as a pronoun. All demonstratives agree in number and gender with the noun if there is a noun
Futuro  Infinitive+ the ending  Endings are: Decir Dir  É Emos Hacer Har  Ás Poner Pondr  Á án Salir Saldr Tener Tendr Valer vendr Poder Podr Querer Querr saber Sabr
Superlatives  Superlatives are made by the formula: Tim  Es/son+El/la/los/las+más/menos+adjective  Más: most  Menos: least  Examples:  Tim es el más alto en la clase de español  “Tim is the tallest in the Spanish class”  Kendall es la menos alta en la escuela  “Kendall is the shortest in the school” Kendall
Formal Commands Affirmative Negative  Put into the “yo” form  Same  Change the vow  Ex: No Corra! (usted  Ex: Corra! (usted run) don’t run!) A DO pronoun can be used at the end of a formal command Ex: Comalo! (eat it)
Command Chart • Drop the “s” • Put in yo form and change the vowel Affirmative Affirmative Tu Usted Negative Negative Tu Usted • Put it in yo • Same as form, change affirmative the vowel, and add an “s”
Prepositions  Dentro de- inside of  Derecha- right  Izquierda- left  Cerca- near  Lejos- far  Arriba- up/on  Abajo/debajo- above
Conditional Ía Íamos ías Íais ía ían •Used to show future actions that was talked about in the past. • ex: yo siempre dije, comería en Domingo I always said, I will eat on Sunday

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Gramar book s2

  • 1. Gramar Book Second Semester Santo Pennington
  • 2. Table of Contents  Page 3- Imperfect  Page 4- Preterito  Page 5- Irregular Preterito  Page 6- spock  Page 7- cucaracha  Page 8- snakes/snakeys  Page 9- modal verbs  Page 10- Adverbs  Page 11- Progressive tense  Page 12- Past progressive  Page 13- Demonstratives  Page 14- Futuro  Page 15- Superlatives  Page 16- formal commands  Page 17- command chart  Page 18-Prepositions  Page 19-Conditional
  • 3. Imperfect Aba abamos Abas aba Abais Aban AR Ia Iamos Ias Ia Iais Ian ER Ia Iamos Ias ia Iais Ian IR 3
  • 4. Preterito  Preteritos are for speaking about an action that was ongoing in the past  There are many types of irregular prederites  The endings are: É Amos Í Imos Aste -------------- Iste ------------------- Ó Aron Ió Ieron 4
  • 5. Irregular Preterito (-car,-gar, -zar) Tocar Jugar Comenzar toqué Jugué Comencé Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste tocó Jugó Comenzó Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos tocaron jugaron comenzaron The irregular prederites are irregular because the spelling in the “yo” form must change from the regular endings to keep the same sound.
  • 6. Spock Fui Fuimos I Imos Fuiste Iste Fue Fueron o Ieron Hice Hizimos Hiciste Hizo Hicieron
  • 7. cucaracha Andar Anduv Estar Estuv Poder Pud Endings: Poner Pus É imos Querer Quis Iste Isteis O ieron Saber Sup Tener Tuv Venir Vin Decir Dij Traer Traj Drop the I Conducir Conduj in the 3rd producir Produj plural form traducir Traduj
  • 8. Snake/snakies  Only change in third person  Examples: leer and creer change from e to y  Oir changes from I to Y
  • 9. Modal Verbs  Ir+a+infinitive  Going to do something  Poder+infinitive  Are able to do something  Querer+infinitive  Want to do something  Deber+infinitives  Should do something  Tener que+infinitive  To have to do something  Soler+infinitive  To be accustomed to  Necesistar+infinitive  To need to do something
  • 10. Adverbs  Adverbs come mostly in the “mente” form. This means that you would drop the last two letters, change the word to a feminine form, and then add “mente” to the end of it  There are also irregular adverbs such as: muy, mucho, mas, peor, siempre, nunca, poco, tan, demasiado, y bastande  If a word ends in “e”, then there is no need to change it before “mente-ing” it because it has no feminine form
  • 11. Progressive Tense  The progressive tense is used to show that you are currently doing an action. To make a verb progressive you drop the last two letters, and add either ando, iendo, or yendo Ando Iendo Yendo • Ar verbs • Ir verbs • Used for the • Ex: bailar • Ex: comer verb “ir” into into • Used for bailando comiendo words that have double vowels • Ex: leer into leyendo
  • 12. Past Progressive  The past progressive is basically the progressive present tense, but using the “abas” and “ibas”  It is used to say that you were in the process of doing something in the past using the imperfect  Ex: estaba comiendo (I was eating)  Ex 2: Estaba corriendo (I was running)
  • 13. Demonstratives Aqui Esto Estos Alli Eso Esos Alla Aquel Aquella If there is an accent over the “e”, then the demonstrative acts as a pronoun. All demonstratives agree in number and gender with the noun if there is a noun
  • 14. Futuro  Infinitive+ the ending  Endings are: Decir Dir  É Emos Hacer Har  Ás Poner Pondr  Á án Salir Saldr Tener Tendr Valer vendr Poder Podr Querer Querr saber Sabr
  • 15. Superlatives  Superlatives are made by the formula: Tim  Es/son+El/la/los/las+más/menos+adjective  Más: most  Menos: least  Examples:  Tim es el más alto en la clase de español  “Tim is the tallest in the Spanish class”  Kendall es la menos alta en la escuela  “Kendall is the shortest in the school” Kendall
  • 16. Formal Commands Affirmative Negative  Put into the “yo” form  Same  Change the vow  Ex: No Corra! (usted  Ex: Corra! (usted run) don’t run!) A DO pronoun can be used at the end of a formal command Ex: Comalo! (eat it)
  • 17. Command Chart • Drop the “s” • Put in yo form and change the vowel Affirmative Affirmative Tu Usted Negative Negative Tu Usted • Put it in yo • Same as form, change affirmative the vowel, and add an “s”
  • 18. Prepositions  Dentro de- inside of  Derecha- right  Izquierda- left  Cerca- near  Lejos- far  Arriba- up/on  Abajo/debajo- above
  • 19. Conditional Ía Íamos ías Íais ía ían •Used to show future actions that was talked about in the past. • ex: yo siempre dije, comería en Domingo I always said, I will eat on Sunday