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Photo Credits: http://exploringmybackyard.blogspot.com/2011/08/bullying/graphics.html
DEFENSE MECHANISM


                             Spike Coverings                                            Shedding Flesh




                        Mechanical Escape                                                Poison
Phot Credits: http://blogobscure.blogspot.com/2008/07/mimicry-and-whole-subjects.html
Siphanta acuta

                           Penkohvosti Chameleon




                                                       Owls and Moths
Photo Credits: http://falkenblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/batesian-mimicry-explanation-of.html
MIMICRY
       It is the similarity of one species
to another which protects one or both.
This similarity can be in appearance,
behavior, sound, scent and location,
with the mimics found in similar
places to their models.
(b) Yellow jacket wasp




                   (a) Cuckoo bee




                                  • Batesian Mimicry - harmless species resembles
                                        dangerous species

                                  • Mullerian Mimicry - dangerous species
                                        resembling each other
                                                         Example: bees and wasps
Photo Credits: http://exploringmybackyard.blogspot.com/2011/08/mud-daubers-architects-of-insect-world.html
EACH OTHER’S
                  DEFENSE


Müllerian Mimicry in Yellow Jacket
     Wasp and a Honeybee
                        Ma. Veah Luisa O. Pascasio
Müllerian Mimicry
• was proposed by Johann Friedrich
Theodor Müller (1821–1897).


• is an understanding on warning
signals or aposematism.
Müllerian Mimicry
    Honeybee                              Yellow Jacket wasp

                     Honeybee


                 PREDATORS

 is a natural phenomenon in which two or more
poisonous species, that may or may not be closely related
and share one or more common predators, have come
to mimic each other's warning signals.
Müllerian Mimicry



                   Viceroy butterfly                                                     Monarch butterfly




Photo Credits: http://blogobscure.blogspot.com/2008/07/mimicry-and-whole-subjects.html
Blue Poison Dart Frog                                                               Golden Mantella




Photo Credits: http://falkenblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/batesian-mimicry-explanation-of.html
Yellow Jacket wasp
 TAXONOMY                   Honeybee


Kingdom: Animalia     Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda    Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta        Class: Insecta

Order: Hymenoptera    Order: Hymenoptera

Family: Vespidae      Family: Apinae

Genus: Vespula        Genus: Apis
DISTINGUISHING
                                 CHARACTERISTICS
                                  PHYSICAL FEATURES




                                             wasp                                          honeybee



Phot Credits: http://scienceray.com/biology/zoology/seven-defense-mechanisms-of-animals/
wasp                                                                 honeybee

Photo Credits: http://exploringmybackyard.blogspot.com/2011/08/mud-daubers-architects-of-insect-world.html
HABITAT




                                                                                        wasp
Phot Credits: http://blogobscure.blogspot.com/2008/07/mimicry-and-whole-subjects.html
honeybee




Photo Credits: http://falkenblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/batesian-mimicry-explanation-of.html
PREDATORS


                       Spiders                                                                               Praying Mantis




                                                                                     Frogs
Photo Credits: http://exploringmybackyard.blogspot.com/2011/08/mud-daubers-architects-of-insect-world.html
Varroa Mites




Phot Credits: http://blogobscure.blogspot.com/2008/07/mimicry-and-whole-subjects.html
STING and AGGRESSION




                                                                              wasp



Photo Credits: http://falkenblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/batesian-mimicry-explanation-of.html
honeybee

Phot Credits: http://scienceray.com/biology/zoology/seven-defense-mechanisms-of-animals/
Factors that determine the effects of
mimicry:
 1. Frequency of the mimic.

 2. Degree of unpalatability of the
    species

 3. Degree of perfection of the mimic.
MiMicry rings

          A theory which suggests that all
     Müllerian mimics in an ecosystem
     should converge into one large ring
Mimicry
Mimicry
References
 Brower, L. P.; Ryerson, W. N.; Coppinger, L. L.; Glazier, S. C. (1968).
"Ecological chemistry and the palatability spectrum". Science 161 (3848):
1349–51.

Meyer, A. (2006). "Repeating patterns of mimicry". PLoS Biol 4 (10): e341

Ritland, D.; L. P. Brower (1991). "The viceroy butterfly is not a Batesian
mimic". Nature 350 (6318): 497–498.

Smith, S. M. (1975). "Innate Recognition of Coral Snake Pattern by a Possible
Avian Predator". Science 187 (4178): 759–760.

http://blogobscure.blogspot.com/2008/07/mimicry-and-whole-subjects.html

http://falkenblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/bate

http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/faces/viewItemFullPage.jsp?
itemId=escidoc:440622 sian-mimicry-explanation-of.html

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/161/3848/1349

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Mimicry

  • 2. DEFENSE MECHANISM Spike Coverings Shedding Flesh Mechanical Escape Poison Phot Credits: http://blogobscure.blogspot.com/2008/07/mimicry-and-whole-subjects.html
  • 3. Siphanta acuta Penkohvosti Chameleon Owls and Moths Photo Credits: http://falkenblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/batesian-mimicry-explanation-of.html
  • 4. MIMICRY It is the similarity of one species to another which protects one or both. This similarity can be in appearance, behavior, sound, scent and location, with the mimics found in similar places to their models.
  • 5. (b) Yellow jacket wasp (a) Cuckoo bee • Batesian Mimicry - harmless species resembles dangerous species • Mullerian Mimicry - dangerous species resembling each other Example: bees and wasps Photo Credits: http://exploringmybackyard.blogspot.com/2011/08/mud-daubers-architects-of-insect-world.html
  • 6. EACH OTHER’S DEFENSE Müllerian Mimicry in Yellow Jacket Wasp and a Honeybee Ma. Veah Luisa O. Pascasio
  • 7. Müllerian Mimicry • was proposed by Johann Friedrich Theodor Müller (1821–1897). • is an understanding on warning signals or aposematism.
  • 8. Müllerian Mimicry Honeybee Yellow Jacket wasp Honeybee PREDATORS  is a natural phenomenon in which two or more poisonous species, that may or may not be closely related and share one or more common predators, have come to mimic each other's warning signals.
  • 9. Müllerian Mimicry Viceroy butterfly Monarch butterfly Photo Credits: http://blogobscure.blogspot.com/2008/07/mimicry-and-whole-subjects.html
  • 10. Blue Poison Dart Frog Golden Mantella Photo Credits: http://falkenblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/batesian-mimicry-explanation-of.html
  • 11. Yellow Jacket wasp TAXONOMY Honeybee Kingdom: Animalia Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera Order: Hymenoptera Family: Vespidae Family: Apinae Genus: Vespula Genus: Apis
  • 12. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS PHYSICAL FEATURES wasp honeybee Phot Credits: http://scienceray.com/biology/zoology/seven-defense-mechanisms-of-animals/
  • 13. wasp honeybee Photo Credits: http://exploringmybackyard.blogspot.com/2011/08/mud-daubers-architects-of-insect-world.html
  • 14. HABITAT wasp Phot Credits: http://blogobscure.blogspot.com/2008/07/mimicry-and-whole-subjects.html
  • 16. PREDATORS Spiders Praying Mantis Frogs Photo Credits: http://exploringmybackyard.blogspot.com/2011/08/mud-daubers-architects-of-insect-world.html
  • 17. Varroa Mites Phot Credits: http://blogobscure.blogspot.com/2008/07/mimicry-and-whole-subjects.html
  • 18. STING and AGGRESSION wasp Photo Credits: http://falkenblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/batesian-mimicry-explanation-of.html
  • 20. Factors that determine the effects of mimicry: 1. Frequency of the mimic. 2. Degree of unpalatability of the species 3. Degree of perfection of the mimic.
  • 21. MiMicry rings A theory which suggests that all Müllerian mimics in an ecosystem should converge into one large ring
  • 24. References Brower, L. P.; Ryerson, W. N.; Coppinger, L. L.; Glazier, S. C. (1968). "Ecological chemistry and the palatability spectrum". Science 161 (3848): 1349–51. Meyer, A. (2006). "Repeating patterns of mimicry". PLoS Biol 4 (10): e341 Ritland, D.; L. P. Brower (1991). "The viceroy butterfly is not a Batesian mimic". Nature 350 (6318): 497–498. Smith, S. M. (1975). "Innate Recognition of Coral Snake Pattern by a Possible Avian Predator". Science 187 (4178): 759–760. http://blogobscure.blogspot.com/2008/07/mimicry-and-whole-subjects.html http://falkenblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/bate http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/faces/viewItemFullPage.jsp? itemId=escidoc:440622 sian-mimicry-explanation-of.html http://www.sciencemag.org/content/161/3848/1349