Sir Anthony van Dyck

Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674), at Clarendon House, London;
by descent to his son, Henry Hyde, 2^nd Earl of Clarendon (1638-1709), at Cornbury Park, Oxfordshire;
by descent, at Cornbury, and later The Grove, Hertfordshire, to his nephew, Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Rochester and later 4th Earl of Clarendon (1672-1753);
transferred to his son, Henry Hyde, 5^th Baron Hyde and Viscount Cornbury (1710-1753), in 1749, who died without issue;
by descent to his niece, Charlotte (d.1790), eldest daughter of William Capel, 3rd Earl of Essex (1697-1743), who married Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon (1709-1786), of the second creation;
thence by descent to the present owner

Worcester, City Art Gallery, Exhibition of Paintings from 1642 to 1651, 1951, no. 19;
Plymouth, City Museum and Art Gallery, Paintings from the Clarendon Collection, 1954, no. 20;
Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery, on  long term loan until 2010

Clarendon State Papers, Bodleian MS Clarendon 92, ff 253-4, no. 23, listed among a group of pictures mended and repaired in about 1683-5, as hanging in the Dining Room at Cornbury Park;
Sir W. Musgrave, Lists of Portraits, BM Add. MS 6391, ff. 76-77, no. 40 (listed hanging at The Grove, 1764);
G. P. Harding, List of Portraits, Pictures in Various Mansions in the United Kingdom, MS. in NPG, 1804, Vol. II, p. 210;
J. Smith, A Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of the Most Emminent Dutch. Flemish and French Painters, 9 Vols., London 1831, no. 613;
Lady T. Lewis, Lives of the Friends and Contemporaries of Lord Chancellor Clarendon: illustrative of Portraits in his Gallery, London 1852, Vol. III, pp. 254, 346-8, no. 46;
G. F. Waagen, Treasures of Art in Great Britain: Being and Account of the Chief Collections of Paintings, Drawings, Sculptures, Illuminated MSS., etc. etc., London 1854, Vol. II, p. 458;
J. Guiffrey, Antoine van Dyck: sa vie et son oeuvre, Paris 1882, no. 567;
L. Cust, Anthony van Dyck: An Historical Study of His Life and Works, London 1900, p. 275;
E. Schaeffer, Van Dyck: des Meisters Gemälde, Klassiker der Kunst, Vol. 13, Stuttgart and Leipzig 1909, p. 377;
G. Glück, Van Dyck, des Meisters Gemälde, Klassiker der Kunst, no. 13, 2nd rev. ed., Stuttgart 1931, p. 434;
D. Piper, Catalogue of Seventeenth Century Portraits in the National Gallery, London 1965, pp. 247;
R. Gibson, Catalogue of Portraits in the Collection of the Earl of Clarendon, London 1977, pp. 63-4, 139, no. 69 (illus.);
A. Meyer, 'William Musgrave's "Lists of Portraits"', Walpole Society, Vol. LIV, Leeds 1988, pp. 454-502;
S. J. Barnes, N. De Poorter, O. Millar, H. Vey, Van Dyck, A Complete Catalogue of His Paintings, London 2004, p. 514, no. IV.107

PAINT SURFACE The following condition report is provided by Sarah Walden who is an external expert and not an employee of Sotheby's. This painting has a comparatively recent lining and stretcher. There are narrow strips of retouched filling down each side edge, perhaps to widen the picture for this beautiful frame. The present restoration is probably from the same period, a few decades ago, as the lining, and the retouching has darkened down the edges, sometimes encroaching slightly over the original background especially on the lighter right side. The filling down the left edge is flaking in places. There is no accidental damage at all and a fine even texture throughout. A fairly recent splash at upper right, probably of champagne, has left a small matt place, dissolving the varnish into two little brief brown drips. One other similar spot of darkened varnish is the result of another small splash in the hair on the right. The overall condition of the main body of the painting is good, with the fine brushwork of the armour and of much of the portrait itself as well as the atmospheric background well preserved. A certain amount of light wear can be found in areas such as around the chin and in the hair, as well as slightly in some of the darks of the armour for instance under the arm, and in the shading of the collar. Light strengthening retouches have been added in the eyebrows, down the outline of the nose and around the moustache and chin. The outer curls of the hair have been strengthened and a small patch of retouching can be seen under ultra violet light at the central parting of the hair at the top of the forehead. Occasional gratuitous surface touches seem to be added along the base edge in the unworn armour. However the natural ease and mastery of the innate technique is scarcely affected by such minor disturbances in the painting as a whole. This report was not done under laboratory conditions. FRAME Held in a highly important mid-eighteenth century English Rococo frame, with swept outer boarder, carved with rocaille cartouches, surrounding an inner frame of open work, with pierced trefoil centres and corners, consisting of apposing acanthus scrolls. This is one of the most important examples of such work in Britian. To speak to a specialist about this lot please contact Julian Gascoigne on +44 (0)207 293 5482, or at [email protected], or Emmeline Hallmark on 44 (0)207 293 5407, or at [email protected].
"This lot is offered for sale subject to Sotheby's Conditions of Business, which are available on request and printed in Sotheby's sale catalogues. The independent reports contained in this document are provided for prospective bidders' information only and without warranty by Sotheby's or the Seller."

Goring, one of the most prominent and talented of Charles I's cavalry commanders, was the archetypal dashing, courageous and roistering cavalier. The eldest son of George Goring, later 1^st Baron Goring and 1^st Earl of Norwich, and his wife Mary, second daughter of Edward Nevill, 6^th Lord Bergavenny, in 1629, at the age of just 21, he married the exceedingly rich Lettice, third daughter of Richard Boyle, 1^st Earl of Cork. Lettice brought with her a dowry of £10,000, but by 1633 Goring had managed to spend all of it. In the course of doing so however, he established for himself a reputation as one of the most witty and stylish young men about court.

Financially ruined, but well connected, Goring set out to redeem his fortunes through military service abroad, persuading his somewhat begrudging father-in-law to purchase him a command in the Dutch service. In 1637 he was shot in the ankle at the siege of Breda and lamed for life. However the wound also won him something of a name as a hero and he returned to England with his honour intact. Military service had not however checked the wilder side of his personal habits, and Goring's drinking bouts remained legendary among his contemporaries. After one particularly spirited session on the Isle of White in 1639 he climbed into the public gibbet, put his head in the noose, and railed drunkenly at passers by, warning them against the perils of keeping bad company such as his friend. Much, no doubt, to the mirth of the latter.    

Back in England Goring's military experience earned him a command in Charles's wars against the Scottish Covenanters, and with the outbreak of hostilities between Parliament and the Crown he was among the small group of loyal young officers who gathered around the King. In December 1642 Goring was appointed to command of the Royalist cavalry in the north, under the Earl of Newcastle. Having struck a major blow against the Parliamentary army under Fairfax at Seacroft Moor, Goring fell ill with fever and was forced to retire to Wakefield, where he was besieged and, despite struggling onto a horse to lead a counter attack with conspicuous bravery, was taken prisoner and committed to the Tower of London.

Having been released Goring rejoined the Royalist army in the north and commanded the cavalry on the left flank at Marston Moor, under Prince Rupert, where he showed his skill as a cavalry commander, driving his old enemy Fairfax from the field. Unfortunately for Goring, the Royalist right wing had not faired so well, allowing Cromwell's horse to swing round and take his disorganised troopers from behind, costing the Royalists not only the battle, but the whole of the North of England. In August 1644 he was appointed command of the King's cavalry, beating Waller at Andover and serving with distinction at the second Battle of Newbury. However he was called away to the West at the beginning of the 1645 campaign season, and consequently was absent later at Naseby, when Cromwell's New Model Army crushed the severely weakened Royalists. Had Goring and his 3000 horse been there it might have decisively change the outcome of the battle, and indeed the war. What remained of his depleted forces in the west were no match for Cromwell's army and with the loss of the Royalist cause Goring was forced to flee to the continent, where he spent twelve years in exile, finally dying in penury in Madrid. 

Lean, handsome and rakish in his youth, Goring was painted two further times by van Dyck, both in double portraits with his kinsman by marriage, Mountjoy Blount, 1^st Earl of Newport (c.1597-1666). One, depicting both sitters preparing for battle with a page fastening Goring's red sash, is at Petworth (Egremont Collection, National Trust), the other, which is believed to have belonged to Goring and was probably taken by him to Spain, from where it was offered to Duveen in 1922, is in collection of the Newport Restoration Foundation, Newport, Rhode Island.