Open Access

ARTICLE

Cactus-Shaped Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Sub 10 GHz Wireless Applications

Muhammad Irfan¹, Wasi Ur Rehman Khan², Sadiq Ullah², Naveed Mufti², Muhammad Fawad Khan², Rizwan Ullah², Usman Ali², Fazal Muhammad^3,*, Faisal Althobiani⁴, Mohammed Alshareef⁵, Shadi Alghaffari⁶, Saifur Rehman¹, V. R. Shamji⁴

1 Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
3 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
4 Faculty of Maritimes Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
5 Ports & Maritime Transportation, Faculty of Maritimes Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
6 Faculty of Maritime Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Fazal Muhammad. Email:

Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2023, 45(3), 2693-2704. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2023.032778

Received 29 May 2022; Accepted 06 July 2022; Issue published 21 December 2022

Abstract

This paper presents, a novel cactus shaped frequency reconfigurable antenna for sub 10 GHz wireless applications. PIN diode is utilized as an electrical switch to achieve reconfigurability, enabling operation in four different frequency ranges. In the switch ON state mode, the antenna supports 2177–3431 and 6301–8467 MHz ranges. Alternatively, the antenna resonates within 2329–3431 and 4951–6718 MHz while in the OFF state mode. Radiation efficiency values, ranging from 68% to 84%, and gain values, ranging from 1.6 to 4 dB, in the operating frequency bands. the proposed antenna satisfy the practical requirements and expectations. The overall planner dimensions of the proposed antenna model is 40 × 21 mm². Moreover, the measurement results from the prototype support the simulation results. Based on the frequency ranges supported by the antenna, it can be used for multiple wireless standards and services, including Worldwide interoperability and Microwave Access (WiMAX), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, Long Term Evolution (LTE) and satellite communications. This increases its applicability for use in mobile terminals.

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Keywords

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