What Is an Ideal Body Weight?
Ideal weight is different for everyone. Doctors use weight as one benchmark for health. A “healthy weight range” is based on various factors unique to you, offering doctors a framework that helps them assess your overall health.
Historically, doctors have defined “ideal weight” as the weight at which you’re at the lowest risk of dying. Researchers first got these numbers from life insurance companies at the turn of the 20th century. These scales have continued to evolve over the years.
While your weight is an important health indicator, it’s not the whole story, and achieving a number on a scale doesn’t equal “ideal health.” Your goal should be to maintain a balanced lifestyle that focuses on many different aspects of your wellness.
Factors Influencing Your Ideal Body Weight
Doctors set your healthy weight range based on multiple factors. Your range is unique to your:
Age. As you get older, your metabolism slows down, and hormones shift. These changes affect your weight.
Sex. In general, men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) have heavier bones and more muscle than women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB) overall. Men and people AMAB of a certain age typically weigh more than women and people AFAB the same age.
Height. When there’s more of your body, you weigh more. The taller you are, the higher your healthy weight range will be.
Medical conditions. Certain health issues or medications can cause weight gain such as corticosteroids, antidepressants, beta-blockers, antipsychotics, and insulin. You gain weight during pregnancy. Chronic stress or poor sleep can also lead to weight gain. Other issues or medications make you lose weight, such as cancer, gastrointestinal conditions, and anxiety.
Body composition. Your body composition measures how much of your body is fat vs. how much is nonfat. If you have a high muscle content and low body fat, you may weigh more than someone else of the same sex, age, and height but still be within an “ideal” range, as muscle weighs more than fat.
Genetics. Your genes direct how full you feel as you eat, your appetite levels, and how your body uses energy and burns calories, all of which can affect your ability to gain or lose weight.
There are different ways to calculate ideal weight. For example, some methods create a range, while others result in one number. Some calculations take into account your sex, while others use ratios of certain body measurements to your weight.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
One tool doctors have long used for measuring ideal body weight is body mass index (BMI). It's a measure of your body weight in kilograms divided by the square of your height in meters. You can calculate your BMI with a simple online BMI calculator.
The BMI ranges are as follows:
- Obesity = 30.0 or above
- Overweight = 25.0 to 29.9
- Healthy weight = 18.5 to 24.9
- Underweight = under 18.5
BMI can give you an idea of where you stand, but it doesn’t measure body fat. It’s not meant to give a diagnosis or confirm if you have a weight problem.
BMI has faults. For example, it can’t tell the difference between fat and muscle, so it can be off when someone is very muscular or has lost muscle mass. Muscular people might have a high BMI without being obese. And BMI can underestimate fat in older people and others who have lost muscle. It also doesn't determine where excess body fat is distributed.
The BMI calculation was created in the 19th century by a mathematician, not a doctor. Later in the 21st century, a physiologist adopted it for statistical research, not medical use. The research he did with BMI also included primarily non-Hispanic men and didn’t account for other races or ethnicities.
Because of this, BMI isn’t a good tool for everyone. For example, studies show that Asian adults may be at higher risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes at a lower BMI than White adults.
Your BMI alone should never be a measure of your health. If you think you have obesity or have questions about healthy weight, talk to your doctor.
Waist Circumference
There’s another way to get an idea of how an unhealthy weight might affect your health — just measure your waist.
The waist is key because tummy fat can be more serious and is linked to metabolic and cardiovascular risks. This puts you at greater risk of things such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.
Your waist doesn’t show for sure that you’re overweight. Both BMI and waist measurements are screening tools. But in general, here are the guidelines for men/people AMAB and women/people AFAB:
- Men and people AMAB: Waist should be no more than 40 inches.
- Nonpregnant women and people AFAB: Waist should be no more than 35 inches.
Here’s how to measure your waist:
- Stand up and wrap a measuring tape around your waist (just above the hip bones).
- The tape should be snug but not pressed into your skin.
- Breathe out before you measure.
Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)
You get your WHR by taking the circumference of your waist and dividing it by the circumference of the widest part of your hips.
Your WHR tells your doctor where you fall in the range of excellent to at risk.
| Sex | Excellent | Good | Average | At Risk |
| Men & people AMAB | <0.85 | 0.85-0.89 | 0.90-0.95 | >0.95 |
| Women & people AFAB | <0.75 | 0.75-0.79 | 0.80-0.86 | >0.86 |
Studies show your WHR may be better at predicting chronic health problems than BMI is. Doctors think this may be because it’s a more accurate way to measure belly fat, including the most harmful type, visceral fat (fat around your organs).
Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR)
Like WHR, you calculate your WHtR by measuring your waist circumference and dividing it by your height.
Here are general risk categories based on your waist-to-height ratio (WHtR):
- WHtR < 0.5: No increased risk
- WHtR 0.5-0.59: Increased risk
- WHtR 0.6 or more: Very high risk
The general rule is to keep your waist circumference to less than half your height.
Body Composition Analysis
To find out your body composition, you can have a body composition analysis with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This is a scan that analyzes your fat tissue, lean mass, and bone density.
DXA works by using low-power X-ray beams to scan your body. You can’t feel the scan. The beams give you a readout of how much of your body is bone, muscle, and fat.
When you get a body composition analysis, it can tell you:
- Total body fat percentage
- Fat mass index (total fat relative to your height)
- Visceral adipose tissue (fat around your organs)
- Android to gynoid ratio (where fat is stored in your body — for example, “apple-shaped” or “pear-shaped”)
- Fat-free mass index (nonfat mass relative to your height)
- Skeletal muscle mass (total skeletal muscle)
- Skeletal muscle mass percentage (percentage of your body made of skeletal muscle)
- Appendicular lean mass to height ratio (amount of lean mass in your arms and legs relative to your height)
- Appendicular lean mass to BMI ratio (amount of lean mass in arms and legs relative to your BMI)
- Resting metabolic rate (number of calories you need to burn at rest to maintain your current mass)
- Whole body bone density (average bone density for your whole skeleton)
Body composition analysis can help monitor changes in your muscles, bones, and fat.
How Do I Get to the Ideal Body Weight?
A key part of changing your weight involves changing your behavior. It’s important to build healthy habits for the long term, not just to get to a goal weight.
Also, it's important to identify and control triggers in your day-to-day life that increase stress. The higher your stress, the harder it is to focus on nutritious food choices, exercise, and portion control.
Your weight is a result of a complex web of factors. You can’t control some factors, such as genes and hormones, but there are some factors you can control. When you eat more calories than your body uses in a day, your body holds on to those calories and turns them into fat.
Two major components of healthy, sustainable weight loss are:
Eat nutrient-dense foods. Fast food, sodas, and processed foods are high in calories while being low in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and other important nutrition your body needs to thrive. Reach for fewer packaged foods each day and increase the number of whole foods — foods as close to their natural state as possible — on your plate at each meal.
Move more. Our lifestyles can be short on physical activity, including exercise, playing, or just moving enough to burn the fuel we take in. Increasing your daily step count can burn calories and help your heart, bones, and muscles too.
Healthy tips to lose weight
The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion recommends:
- 1,600-2,400 calories a day for women and people AFAB in a healthy weight range
- 2,000-3,000 calories a day for men and people AMAB in a healthy weight range
These ranges depend on activity level and age. The younger and more active you are, the more calories you need each day.
To lose weight, you’ll need to take in fewer calories than you burn each day. Typically, if this difference is 500 calories daily, you’ll lose about a pound a week. Talk to your doctor about how many calories you should take each day to lose weight.
Remember that you need a certain number of calories to function well. Lowering your calorie intake too much can prevent you from getting proper nutrition. In general, doctors don’t advise going below 1,200 calories a day.
Make the calories you eat count:
- Eat more fruits and vegetables.
- Get enough protein and fiber.
- Limit salt, sugar, and fat.
- Be careful with your portions.
If you have many pounds to lose or aren’t losing weight even after diet and exercise changes, your doctor might also want to talk about:
- Medicines
- Weight-loss or bariatric surgery
Focus on Long-Term Changes
If a diet sounds too good to be true, it probably is. The same goes for promises that you’ll lose weight fast without changing your diet or exercise habits.
A loss of 1-2 pounds a week is about right. So think “slow and steady” to keep the weight off for good.
For movement:
- Aim for at least 2.5 hours of aerobic exercise (like brisk walking) every week. You’ll likely need even more than that to lose weight.
- Do some muscle strengthening at least twice a week.
- Add ordinary movement to that, as well, to burn calories throughout the day. (Park far from entrances. Take walks around the neighborhood. Get up from your desk and move regularly).
Healthy tips to gain weight
If you’re underweight, your doctor may advise you to gain some pounds. This doesn’t just mean eating more food. To gain weight in a slow and steady way that lasts, you can:
- Eat high-calorie (nutritious) foods such as meat, fatty fish, eggs, full-fat yogurt, and peanut butter.
- Eat more often.
- Add calories to foods you already eat, like adding nuts to your yogurt or peanut butter to your oatmeal.
- Try liquid calories such as nutrient-dense smoothies that won’t make you feel super full so you’re hungry for your next meal.
- Exercise with weights. Strength training helps build muscle, which adds weight to your frame.
Make the Process Fun
“Dieting” is a concept most people find unpleasant and frustrating. But creating healthy change for the long run isn’t dieting. Long-lasting wellness comes from a mindset shift and nurturing healthy habits.
Healthy eating and exercise can connect you with family, friends, and others who have similar goals. You can join a support group or fitness center, take a class, or play with your kids.
Healthy living is a way of life, and the benefits are worth it.
Takeaways
Your ideal weight is unique to you and depeds on many factors including age, sex, height, medical conditions, body composition, and genetics. Tools such as BMI, waist circumference, and body composition analysis all take weight into account to help measure overall health, but each is only one slice of the whole picture. To get to a healthy weight, talk to your doctor about your goals and focus on long-term habits, such as balanced nutrition and regular physical activity.
Ideal Body Weight FAQs
What is a normal healthy weight?
A healthy or ideal weight depends on many factors, such as age, sex, genetics, and medical conditions, and is unique to each person. Doctors typically use several different metrics to decide your healthy weight range, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body composition, and waist-to-hip ratio.
What is the healthy BMI range?
BMI is a simple calculation of your weight divided by your height squared. A healthy BMI range for adults over 20 is 18.5 to 25. Your BMI is only one measure of your body makeup. It’s a small piece of a larger picture of your health. BMI doesn’t take into account fat content vs. muscle content in your body. You need more information than BMI alone to get an accurate read on your health.
What is the correct weight for my age?
As you get older, your hormones change and your metabolism slows. This means you typically weigh more in middle age than you did in your younger years. The healthiest weight for your age depends on your sex, medical conditions you have, your genetics, and other factors. Your doctor can help you know what a healthy range for your weight and age would be.
