View source for J. Henry Edmunds

{{short description| Pennsylvania Pilot boat}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin|infobox caption=}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=J. Henry Edmunds.jpg
|Ship caption= Pilot schooner J. Henry Edmunds (1893).
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship owner= Philadelphia Pilots
|Ship operator=
*H. Bailey (1888-1893)
*M. Hughes (1894-1895)
*Fiddler (1895-1900)
*Elis Eldridge (1888)
*Alfonso Bennett (1888)
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1875}}
|Ship name= J. Henry Edmunds
|Ship namesake= J. Henry Edmunds, Mayor of [[Cape May, New Jersey]]
|Ship christened= 
|Ship builder = [[C. & R. Poillon]] 
|Ship original cost=
*$13,000 (1887)
*$16,000 (1893)
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched= 
*March 1887
*February 9, 1893
|Ship out of service= 
*September 27, 1892
*March 12, 1928
|Ship renamed=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=
*Sank (1892)
*Sank (1928)
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[schooner]]
|Ship tonnage=56-tons
|Ship length={{convert|88|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="Mystic1"/>
|Ship beam={{convert|22|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=<!--distance between ship's keel & waterline (height)-->
|Ship depth={{convert|9|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}<!--top of keel to the top of deck beam -->
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship propulsion=Sail
|Ship complement=
|Ship armament= 
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
The '''''J. Henry Edmunds''''' was a 19th-century [[pilot boat|pilot]] [[schooner]] built in 1887 in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York State|New York]] for [[Philadelphia]] pilots. She sank in 1892 and a second ''Edmunds'' was built in 1893, which lasted thirty-five years before she sank in bad weather outside [[Cape Henlopen]] in 1928. She was the last schooner-rigged pilot boat in the Delaware Bay.

==Construction and service ==

''J. Henry Edmunds'' was a pilot schooner built in March 1887, at the [[C. & R. Poillon]] [[shipyard]] in [[Brooklyn]], New York, for a crew of eleven Pennsylvania pilots. She was known as the No. 3 of Philadelphia fleet. The cost of the Edmunds was $13,000.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83875845/launch/ |title=Addition to Pilot Service. |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |place=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |date=21 Mar 1897|page=3|access-date=2021-09-14}}</ref>

The ''J. Henry Edmunds'' was registered as a pilot [[Schooner]] with the ‘’Record of American and Foreign Shipping,’’ from 1888 to 1993. Her ship [[Master (naval)|master]] was Captain H. Bailey; her owners were Philadelphia pilots; built in 1887 at Brooklyn, New York (C. & R. Poillon); and her hailing port was the [[Port of Philadelphia]]. Her dimensions were 76.3&nbsp;ft. in length; 20.5&nbsp;ft. breadth of beam; 8.6&nbsp;ft. depth of hold; and 56-tons [[Thames Measurement|Tonnage]].<ref name="Mystic1">{{cite web|url=https://research.mysticseaport.org/item/l0179721888/#529 |title=Record of American and Foreign Shipping |work=Mystic Seaport Museum |place=New York |access-date=2021-09-14}}</ref>

During the [[Great Blizzard of 1888]] the pilot boats ''J. Henry Edmunds'' and ''[[E. C. Knight]]'' were blown out to sea during the storm. Pilots Sam Bailey, M. Hughes, Ellis Eldredge and Albert Bennet.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85354522/blizzard/ |title=The Breakwater Disasters. More Suffering and Loss of Life-Fears for Other Vessels. |work=The Times |place=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |date=16 Mar 1888|page=1|access-date=14 Sep 2021}}</ref>

The pilot boats ''J. Henry Edmunds'' and ''Ebe W. Tunnell'' and their [[Cape May]] pilots, kept to their assigned area at the [[Five Fathom Bank light station|Five Fathom Bank]], which was twenty-five miles east of [[Cape Henlopen]] until the [[Pilots' Association For The Bay & River Delaware]] was formed in November 28, 1896. This area was ideal for boarding steamers as it was on the direct line from Europe. After the Pilots' Association was formed, many of the Delaware pilot boats were purchased or sold.<ref name="Pilots">{{cite book |last= Cunliffe |first=Tom| date= 2001|title=Pilots, The World Of Pilotage Under Sail and Oar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNsGi3nmuaQC&q=%22William%20W.%20Ker%22|location= Brooklin, Maine |publisher= WoodenBoat |page= 64|isbn=9780937822692}}</ref>

When the steamboat [[USS Peoria (1898)|''Pennsylvania'']] was built in 1896, the ''Edmunds'' was used as a auxiliary to her. The ''Pennsylvania'' was purchased by the [[United States Navy]] on May 23, 1898 from the Philadelphia Pilots' Association, she was replaced by the two remaining pilot boats the ''J. Henry Edmunds'' and the ''Ebe W. Tunnell.''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85337410/pennsylvania/ |title=Pilot Boat Bought. The Philadelphia Is Now the Property of the Government. |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |place=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |date=24 Apr 1898|page=4|access-date=14 Sep 2021}}</ref> In November 1899, the Philadelphia Pilots' Association placed the ''Edmunds'' on a railway at the [[Jackson and Sharp Company]] for general overhauling and repairs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85337775/jackson-and-sharp/ |title=Tunnell on the Railway. |work=The Morning News |place=Wilmington, Delaware |date=10 Nov 1899|page=1|access-date=14 Sep 2021}}</ref>

===Sunk by four-masted schooner===

On September 27, 1892, the pilot boat ''J. Henry Edmunds'' was run down by a four-masted schooner ''Ralph M. Haywood'' of New York, twenty-five miles offshore. The ''Edmunds'' sank near the Five Fathom Bank lightship and was a total loss. Elis Eldridge and Alfonso Bennett were the only pilots on board at the time of the collision. They and the crew came on board the ''Haywood'' and were taken to the pilot boat ''[[John G. Whilldin]],'' which took them to Cape May. The pilot boat was valued at $13,000 and owned by the Cape May pilots.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85355245/run-down/ |title=Pilot Boat Sunk. The J. Henry Edmunds is Run Down By a Big Schooner. Her Crew Landed at Cape May.|work=The Morning News|place=Wilmington, Delaware |date=28 Sep 1892|page=1|access-date=14 Sep 2021}}</ref>

===The new J. Henry Edmunds===

A new pilot boat ''J. Henry Edmunds'' was built to replace the ''Edmunds'' that sank on 1892. She was launched  on February 9, 1893, from C. & R. Poillon's shipyard in New York. Her cost was $16,000.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85355101/new-pilot-boat/ |title=Tunnell on the Railway. |work=Camden Daily Telegram |place=Camden, New Jersey |date=10 Feb 1893|page=1|access-date=14 Sep 2021}}</ref> The new ''J. Henry Edmunds'' was registered as a pilot Schooner with the ‘’Record of American and Foreign Shipping,’’ from 1894 to 1900. Her new ship [[Master (naval)|master]] was Captain Hughes; her owners were Philadelphia pilots; built in 1893 in Brooklyn, New York (C. & R. Poillon); and her hailing port was the Port of Philadelphia. Her new dimensions were 85&nbsp;ft. in length; 21.6&nbsp;ft. breadth of beam; 9&nbsp;ft. depth of hold; and 69-tons [[Thames Measurement|Tonnage]].<ref name="Mystic2">{{cite web|url=https://research.mysticseaport.org/item/l0179721894/#528 |title=Record of American and Foreign Shipping |work=Mystic Seaport Museum |place=New York |access-date=2021-09-15}}</ref> She was powered by a 125-horsepower diesel engine.<ref name="Grounded"/>

==End of service==

The pilot boat ''J. Henry Edmunds'' was lost on March 12, 1928, when she was grounded on the shoals of Cape Henlopen, Delaware, in dense fog and bad weather. The nose of the boat rammed into the sand.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85374531/dense-fog/ |title=Dense Fog Drives 2 Ships Aground in Delaware Bay. |work=The Sentinel|place=Carlisle, Pennsylvania |date=14 Mar 1928|page=2|access-date=15 Sep 2021}}</ref> 
The Pilots' Association of Philadelphia, turned her over to the underwriters after failed attempts were made to pull her off the beach. She was the last schooner-rigged pilot boat in the Delaware Bay.<ref name="Grounded">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85374278/grounded/ |title=Grounded Pilot Boat Abandoned By Owners. |work=Sunday News|place=Lancaster, Pennsylvania |date=18 Mar 1928|page=2|access-date=15 Sep 2021}}</ref><ref name="Pilots"/>{{rp|p60}}

On March 24, 1928, the ''Edmunds'' was sold at public auction by D. W. Burbage to George Shockley of [[Rehoboth Beach, Delaware]] for $350.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85355631/public-auction/ |title=News Notes From Lewes. |work=The News Journal |place=Wilmington, Delaware |date=24 Mar 1928|page=2|access-date=14 Sep 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Northeastern U. S. Pilot Boats#Pennsylvania Pilot boats|List of Pennsylvania Pilot boats]]
*[[Pilots' Association For The Bay & River Delaware]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{commons category}} 
{{List of Northeastern U. S. Pilot Boats}}
{{1892 shipwrecks}}  
{{1928 shipwrecks}}   
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:J. Henry Edmunds}}
[[Category:Individual sailing vessels]]
[[Category:Service vessels of the United States]]
[[Category:Schooners of the United States]]
[[Category:Ships built in Brooklyn]]
[[Category:1889 ships]]
[[Category:1893 ships]]
[[Category:Pilot boats]]