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{{short description|Dominican Republic journalist}}
{{orphan|date=April 2010}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Orlando Martínez Howley <!-- include middle initial, if not specified in birth_name -->
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = <!-- just the name, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = September 23, 1944
| birth_place = Las Matas de Farfán, Dominican Republic
| disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) -->
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1975|03|17|1944|09|23}}
| death_place = Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| death_cause =
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| monuments =
| nationality = Dominican
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education = Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Journalist and columnist
| years_active =
| employer = ''Ahora!'' (magazine) and ''El Nacional''
| organization =
| known_for = his column "Microscope" and his opposing consistent criticism of the Balaguer regime
| notable_works =
| style =
| height = <!-- {{height|m=}} -->
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Dominican Communist Party]]
| movement =
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}}
'''Orlando Martínez Howley''' (September 23, 1944 &ndash; March 17, 1975) was a [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] [[journalist]] and member of the [[Dominican Communist Party|Communist Party of the Dominican Republic]] who was a critic of President [[Joaquín Balaguer]].<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=Dominican general jailed over killing |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/866093.stm |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=2000-08-04 |accessdate=2007-10-24 }}</ref> He was ordered to be killed by the then president in 1975, and in 2000, four men were given 30-year jail sentences in connection with the killing.<ref name="BBC"/> Orlando Martínez has become a symbol of freedom of expression in the Dominican Republic.<ref name=prensa />


==Personal==
'''Orlando Martinez Howley''' (1944–1975) was a [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] [[journalist]] and member of the [[Communist]] Party of the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=Dominican general jailed over killing |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/866093.stm |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=2000-08-04 |accessdate=2007-10-24 }}</ref> He was born in [[Las Matas de Farfán]] in the Dominican Republic, in 1944.<ref name="WSWS">{{cite web |url=http://www.wsws.org/articles/2000/aug2000/domi-a23.shtml |title=Dominican death squad sentenced in '75 murder |accessdate=2007-10-24 |last=Rodriguez |first=Tomas |date=2003-08-23 |publisher=World Socialist Web Site}}</ref> He was assassinated on 17 March 1975 during one of the administrations of President [[Joaquín Balaguer]], who, knowing the identity of killers (General Salvador Lluveres Montas, General Joaquin A Pou Castro, among them), opted to not tell who they were and just wrote a "blank page" in one of his books, supposedly leaving for posterity the knowledge of who the killers were.<ref name="WSWS"/> Orlando had written articles critical of the president.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news |first=Anthony |last=Ramirez |title= Bronx Store Owner Is Arrested In a 1975 Dominican Killing |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B00E3DA173BF932A35751C1A96E958260&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/B/Balaguer,%20Joaquin |publisher=[[New York Times]] |date=1998-12-01 |accessdate=2007-10-24 }}</ref> In 2000, four men were given 30-year jail sentences in connection with the killing.<ref name="BBC"/> Orlando Martinez has become a symbol of freedom of expression in the Dominican Republic.{{Citation needed|date=October 2007}}
Orlando Martínez was born in [[Las Matas de Farfán]] in the Dominican Republic, in 1944.<ref name="WSWS">{{cite web |url=http://www.wsws.org/articles/2000/aug2000/domi-a23.shtml |title=Dominican death squad sentenced in '75 murder |accessdate=2007-10-24 |last=Rodriguez |first=Tomas |date=2003-08-23 |publisher=World Socialist Web Site}}</ref><ref name=elfututo>{{cite web|url=http://elfututo.blogspot.com/2013/03/hoy-38-aniversario-de-muerte-de-orlando.html |title=Hoy, 38 aniversario de muerte de Orlando Martínez. ~ elfututo.net |publisher=Elfututo.blogspot.com |date=2013-12-03 |accessdate=2014-04-22}}</ref> His father Luis Mariano Martinez and mother Adriana Howley had five boys, including Orlando, and his brothers were Bélgica, Túcides (deceased), Nelson, and Sergio.<ref name=elfututo /> He was educated at the [[Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo]], which was close to where he was killed. His mother persisted in pushing for the reopening of her son's case after his assassination.<ref name="WSWS" />


==References==
==Career==
Orlando Martínez was the editor of ''Revista Ahora'' and a columnist for the daily paper ''[[El Nacional (Santo Domingo)|El Nacional]]''. His column, "Microscope," in the paper was one of the most widely read items of the period because it consistently brought to light crimes and corruption within the ruling Balaguer regime and the military.<ref name=prensa>{{cite web|author=Publicado por Marcelo Peralta |url=http://prensaglobaldigitalpgd.blogspot.com/2013/03/38-anos-del-asesinato-de-orlando.html |title=Prensa Global Digital: 38 años del asesinato de Orlando Martínez |publisher=Prensaglobaldigitalpgd.blogspot.com |date=2013-03-14 |accessdate=2014-04-22}}</ref><ref name="WSWS" /> One of the last articles he wrote defended the rights of the artist [[Culture of the Dominican Republic#Visual arts|Silvano Lora (1934-2003)]].<ref name=foros>{{cite web|url=http://foro.univision.com/t5/Comunidad-Dominicana/TE-RECUERDO-LUIS-ORLANDO-MARTINEZ-HOWLEY-35-A%C3%91OS-DE-IMPUNIDAD/td-p/390055942 |title=TE RECUERDO LUIS ORLANDO MARTINEZ HOWLEY, 35 AÑOS DE IMPUNIDAD |publisher=Foro.univision.com |date=March 17, 2010 |accessdate=2014-04-22}}</ref>
{{reflist}}


==Death==
<!-- [This is the original Spanish. username:AnFu] Orlando Martinez Howley. Periodista y militante de izquierda Dominicano. Nacido en Las Matas de Farfan, Republica Dominicana. Fue asesinado el 17 de Marzo de 1975 durante uno de los gobiernos del Presidente Dr. Joaquin Balaguer, quien a sabiendas de quienes fueron sus asesinos(General Salvador Lluveres Montas, General Joaquin A Pou Castro), opta por no denunciarlos y se limita a escribir en uno de sus libros "una pagina en blanco", dejando supuestamente para la posteridad el conocimiento de quienes fueron sus asesinos. Sin embargo sus principales asesinos fueron siempre recompensados durante los siguientes gobiernos del Dr. Balaguer. Orlando Martinez se ha constituido en simbolo de la libertad de expresion en Republica Dominicana. -->
{{Location map+ | Dominican Republic
| relief = 1
| float = left
| position = left
| width = 300
| caption = Santo Domingo de Guzmán is the capital of the Dominican Republic.
| alt = Santo Domingo is located in Dominican Republic.
| places =
{{Location map~ | Dominican Republic
| label = Santo Domingo
|lat_deg = 18 | lat_min = 28 | lat_sec= 44 | lat_dir = N
| lon_deg = 69 | lon_min = 53 |lon_sec= 26 | lon_dir = W}}
}}Orlando Martínez had written articles critical of the president.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news |first=Anthony |last=Ramirez |title= Bronx Store Owner Is Arrested In a 1975 Dominican Killing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/01/nyregion/bronx-store-owner-is-arrested-in-a-1975-dominican-killing.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=1998-12-01 |accessdate=2007-10-24 }}</ref> He was assassinated in [[Santo Domingo|Santo Domingo de Guzmán]] on 17 March 1975 while President Joaquín Balaguer was in office. He was shot on the street called José Contreras near the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo.<ref name="WSWS" /> The murder weapon was a .38-caliber revolver that was identified as belonging to Mariano Cabrera Duran, who was later extradited from the [[United States]] to the Dominican Republic.<ref name="NYTimes" /><ref name=duranvus>{{cite web|url=http://www.leagle.com/decision/199965836FSupp2d622_1577 |title=Duran v. United States, 36 F.Supp.2d 622 |publisher=Leagle.com |date=1999 |accessdate=2014-04-22}}</ref>

==Investigation==

Former President Joaquin Balaguer always claimed to have known who carried out the killing of Orlando Martínez but refused to tell the judicial authorities. He opted to not tell who they were and just wrote a "blank page" in his [[autobiography]], ''Memories of a Courtesan in the Era of Trujillo'', supposedly leaving for posterity the knowledge of who the killers were.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name="WSWS" />

Despite some initial arrests and a reward for information offered by Balaguer the case remained in limbo until President Leonel Fernandez, elected in 1996, ordered the case reopened. In 1998, Mariano Cabrera Duran, owner of a small Bronx Liquor store, was arrested by federal marshals and returned to the Dominican Republic. Duran was connected to the murder weapon that was used to kill Martínez.<ref name="NYTimes" />

The orders for the assassination came from Gen. Isidoro Martínez, who died of cancer in 2001. Those tried and convicted for carrying out the killing were retired Gen. Antonio Pou Castro, ex-Sergeant Mariano Duran and the two paramilitaries, Rafael Lluberes Ricart and Luis Emilio De la Rosa Veras.<ref name="WSWS" /> In 2000, the four men were given 30-year jail sentences in connection with the killing and Rafael Lluberes Ricart had been identified as the one who shot Martínez.<ref name="BBC" /> The convicted had all been identified in 1975 in connection with the assassination.

==Context==

Orlando Martínez's assassination was not the only murder case due to political affiliation during the Balaguer 12-year regime. The journalist José Enrique Piera Puig was killed five years before Martínez was murdered.<ref name=elcaribe>{{cite news|title=Vincula a exjefe de FFAA con crímenes contra periodistas |publisher=El Caribe |date=June 21, 2012 |url=http://www.elcaribe.com.do/2012/06/21/vincula-exjefe-ffaa-con-crimenes-contra-periodistas}}</ref><ref name=almomento>{{cite news|title=Periodista vincula ex secretario FFAA con el asesinato Enrique Piera |publisher=Al Momento |date=June 20, 2012 |url=http://almomento.net/articulo/112017/Periodista-vincula-ex-secretario-FFAA-con-el-asesinato-Enrique-Piera}}</ref> The murders of Amín Abel Hasbún, leftist-leader Otto Morales, and [[Maximiliano Gomez]] were all cases that occurred during this time. Throughout Balaguer's rule, it is estimated that he ordered the murders of more than 2,000 workers, students, and intellectuals combined.

==Impact==
Thirty years after Orlando Martínez's death, journalists from the Dominican Republic continue to write about him. He was known for his strong stances against the ruling regime and after his murder, he became a symbol of freedom of expression in the Dominican Republic.<ref name=prensa />

==Reactions==

President [[Leonel Fernandez]] reopened the case in 1996 after he was elected. After the sentence was handed down by the judge, Fernandez said, "The imposition of sanctions against those that justice has found guilty is still not sufficient to make up for the pain caused by an act of this magnitude."<ref name="WSWS" />

The [[Inter American Press Association]] (SIP) followed the Martínez through until its resolution.<ref name=elnuevodiario>{{cite web|first1=Teresa |last1=Casado |first2=Francia |last2=Valdez |first3=Modesto |last3=Vinicio |title=Califican humillante y vergonzosa sentencia CIDH caso Narcisazo |publisher=Elnuevodiario.com.do |date=March 4, 2012 |accessdate=2014-04-22 |url=http://elnuevodiario.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=281250 }}</ref>

==Memorials==
His home is now a public memorial.<ref name=elfututo /> Remembrances are also held on St. Patrick's Days in his honor.<ref name=mediabistro>{{cite news|title=Honoring the Memory of a Slain Dominican Journalist |publisher=mediabistro.com |date=March 17, 2014 |accessdate=2014-04-22 | url=http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/luis-orlando-martinez-howley-march-17-memorial_b206963}}</ref>

==Books==
* Leila Roldán, ''Archivo de instrucción: el caso Orlando Martínez'' Dominican Republic: Stanley Graficas & Associates, 1999.

==See also==
* [[Rafael Molina Morillo]]

== References ==
<!--- See https://web.archive.org/web/20091027041339/http://geocities.com/skrzydla/ on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically -->
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140503190059/http://orlandomartinez.8m.com/ orlandomartinez.8m.com]
* Supreme Court (2007) [http://www.impunidad.com/upload/sentencias/det_sp_5.pdf impunidad.com], [http://www.suprema.gov.do/sentscj/sentencia.asp?B1=VR&llave=116410005 Supreme Court]
* [[:es:Amín Abel Hasbún|Spanish Wikipedia: Amín Abel Hasbún]]

{{authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Martinez Howley, Orlando
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Martinez Howley, Orlando}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Martinez Howley, Orlando}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:Assassinated journalists]]
[[Category:Assassinated Dominican Republic journalists]]
[[Category:Dominican Republic journalists]]
[[Category:Male journalists]]
[[Category:Marxist journalists]]
[[Category:Marxist journalists]]
[[Category:People murdered in the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:20th-century journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists killed in the Dominican Republic]]


{{DominicanRepublic-bio-stub}}
{{journalist-stub}}

[[es:Orlando Martínez]]

Latest revision as of 21:46, 25 September 2022

Orlando Martínez Howley
BornSeptember 23, 1944
Las Matas de Farfán, Dominican Republic
DiedMarch 17, 1975(1975-03-17) (aged 30)
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
NationalityDominican
EducationUniversidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo
Occupation(s)Journalist and columnist
Employer(s)Ahora! (magazine) and El Nacional
Known forhis column "Microscope" and his opposing consistent criticism of the Balaguer regime
Political partyDominican Communist Party

Orlando Martínez Howley (September 23, 1944 – March 17, 1975) was a left-wing journalist and member of the Communist Party of the Dominican Republic who was a critic of President Joaquín Balaguer.[1] He was ordered to be killed by the then president in 1975, and in 2000, four men were given 30-year jail sentences in connection with the killing.[1] Orlando Martínez has become a symbol of freedom of expression in the Dominican Republic.[2]

Personal

[edit]

Orlando Martínez was born in Las Matas de Farfán in the Dominican Republic, in 1944.[3][4] His father Luis Mariano Martinez and mother Adriana Howley had five boys, including Orlando, and his brothers were Bélgica, Túcides (deceased), Nelson, and Sergio.[4] He was educated at the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, which was close to where he was killed. His mother persisted in pushing for the reopening of her son's case after his assassination.[3]

Career

[edit]

Orlando Martínez was the editor of Revista Ahora and a columnist for the daily paper El Nacional. His column, "Microscope," in the paper was one of the most widely read items of the period because it consistently brought to light crimes and corruption within the ruling Balaguer regime and the military.[2][3] One of the last articles he wrote defended the rights of the artist Silvano Lora (1934-2003).[5]

Death

[edit]
Santo Domingo is located in Dominican Republic.
Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo
class=notpageimage|
Santo Domingo de Guzmán is the capital of the Dominican Republic.

Orlando Martínez had written articles critical of the president.[6] He was assassinated in Santo Domingo de Guzmán on 17 March 1975 while President Joaquín Balaguer was in office. He was shot on the street called José Contreras near the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo.[3] The murder weapon was a .38-caliber revolver that was identified as belonging to Mariano Cabrera Duran, who was later extradited from the United States to the Dominican Republic.[6][7]

Investigation

[edit]

Former President Joaquin Balaguer always claimed to have known who carried out the killing of Orlando Martínez but refused to tell the judicial authorities. He opted to not tell who they were and just wrote a "blank page" in his autobiography, Memories of a Courtesan in the Era of Trujillo, supposedly leaving for posterity the knowledge of who the killers were.[1][3]

Despite some initial arrests and a reward for information offered by Balaguer the case remained in limbo until President Leonel Fernandez, elected in 1996, ordered the case reopened. In 1998, Mariano Cabrera Duran, owner of a small Bronx Liquor store, was arrested by federal marshals and returned to the Dominican Republic. Duran was connected to the murder weapon that was used to kill Martínez.[6]

The orders for the assassination came from Gen. Isidoro Martínez, who died of cancer in 2001. Those tried and convicted for carrying out the killing were retired Gen. Antonio Pou Castro, ex-Sergeant Mariano Duran and the two paramilitaries, Rafael Lluberes Ricart and Luis Emilio De la Rosa Veras.[3] In 2000, the four men were given 30-year jail sentences in connection with the killing and Rafael Lluberes Ricart had been identified as the one who shot Martínez.[1] The convicted had all been identified in 1975 in connection with the assassination.

Context

[edit]

Orlando Martínez's assassination was not the only murder case due to political affiliation during the Balaguer 12-year regime. The journalist José Enrique Piera Puig was killed five years before Martínez was murdered.[8][9] The murders of Amín Abel Hasbún, leftist-leader Otto Morales, and Maximiliano Gomez were all cases that occurred during this time. Throughout Balaguer's rule, it is estimated that he ordered the murders of more than 2,000 workers, students, and intellectuals combined.

Impact

[edit]

Thirty years after Orlando Martínez's death, journalists from the Dominican Republic continue to write about him. He was known for his strong stances against the ruling regime and after his murder, he became a symbol of freedom of expression in the Dominican Republic.[2]

Reactions

[edit]

President Leonel Fernandez reopened the case in 1996 after he was elected. After the sentence was handed down by the judge, Fernandez said, "The imposition of sanctions against those that justice has found guilty is still not sufficient to make up for the pain caused by an act of this magnitude."[3]

The Inter American Press Association (SIP) followed the Martínez through until its resolution.[10]

Memorials

[edit]

His home is now a public memorial.[4] Remembrances are also held on St. Patrick's Days in his honor.[11]

Books

[edit]
  • Leila Roldán, Archivo de instrucción: el caso Orlando Martínez Dominican Republic: Stanley Graficas & Associates, 1999.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Dominican general jailed over killing". BBC News. 2000-08-04. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
  2. ^ a b c Publicado por Marcelo Peralta (2013-03-14). "Prensa Global Digital: 38 años del asesinato de Orlando Martínez". Prensaglobaldigitalpgd.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2014-04-22.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Rodriguez, Tomas (2003-08-23). "Dominican death squad sentenced in '75 murder". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
  4. ^ a b c "Hoy, 38 aniversario de muerte de Orlando Martínez. ~ elfututo.net". Elfututo.blogspot.com. 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2014-04-22.
  5. ^ "TE RECUERDO LUIS ORLANDO MARTINEZ HOWLEY, 35 AÑOS DE IMPUNIDAD". Foro.univision.com. March 17, 2010. Retrieved 2014-04-22.
  6. ^ a b c Ramirez, Anthony (1998-12-01). "Bronx Store Owner Is Arrested In a 1975 Dominican Killing". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
  7. ^ "Duran v. United States, 36 F.Supp.2d 622". Leagle.com. 1999. Retrieved 2014-04-22.
  8. ^ "Vincula a exjefe de FFAA con crímenes contra periodistas". El Caribe. June 21, 2012.
  9. ^ "Periodista vincula ex secretario FFAA con el asesinato Enrique Piera". Al Momento. June 20, 2012.
  10. ^ Casado, Teresa; Valdez, Francia; Vinicio, Modesto (March 4, 2012). "Califican humillante y vergonzosa sentencia CIDH caso Narcisazo". Elnuevodiario.com.do. Retrieved 2014-04-22.
  11. ^ "Honoring the Memory of a Slain Dominican Journalist". mediabistro.com. March 17, 2014. Retrieved 2014-04-22.
[edit]
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