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'''Tarrach''' (died 515) was a [[Huns|Hun]] military officer for the [[East Roman Empire]]. He was the assassin of the officer |
'''Tarrach''' (died 515) was a [[Huns|Hun]] military officer for the [[East Roman Empire]]. He was the assassin of the officer Cyril. Tarrach was credited as the "fiercest of the Huns".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haarer |first1=Fiona K. |title=Anastasius I. Politics and Empire in the Late Roman World |date=2006 |publisher=Francis Cairns |isbn=9780905205434 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BmcbAAAAYAAJ |access-date=27 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Helfen"/> |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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[[Otto Maenchen-Helfen]] listed his name among those of undetermined origin. He noted that, if he was baptized, his original pagan name might have been assimilated to [[Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus|Tarachus]], the name of one of the three martyrs of Cappadocia.<ref name="Helfen">{{cite web |last1=Maenchen-Helfen |first1=Otto J. |title=The World of the Huns. Chapter IX. Language |pages= |
[[Otto Maenchen-Helfen]] listed his name among those of undetermined origin. He noted that, if he was baptized, his original pagan name might have been assimilated to [[Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus|Tarachus]], the name of one of the three martyrs of Cappadocia.<ref name="Helfen">{{cite web |last1=Maenchen-Helfen |first1=Otto J. |title=The World of the Huns. Chapter IX. Language |pages=449–452|url=http://www.kroraina.com/huns/mh/mh_7.html#Tarrach |access-date=27 October 2022}}</ref> |
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The |
The general [[Vitalian (consul)|Vitalian]] employed him to assassinate Cyril. Cyril was an officer who had been appointed by the Emperor instead of the unpopular [[Hypatius (consul 500)|Hypatius]]. Cyril immediately marched to Lower Moesia, but Vitalian sent Tarrach, who successfully assassinated him.{{sfn|Bury|1958|p=452}} |
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| ⚫ | In 515 Vitalian mobilized his army, with Tarrach as one of its officers, and marched towards [[Constantinople]] for a second time, but was defeated and retreated north with his troops.{{sfn|Bury|1958|pp=451–452}} After the collapse of Vitalian's second rebellion, Tarrach was captured. Described as the "fiercest of the Huns", he was tortured and burned at the stake in [[Chalcedon]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Maenchen-Helfen |first1=Otto J. |editor1-last=Knight |editor1-first=Max |title=The World of the Huns Studies in Their History and Culture |date=2022 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520357204 |page=421 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jq1hEAAAQBAJ |access-date=27 October 2022}}</ref> |
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In 515 Vitalian mobilized his army, with Tarrach as one of its officers, and marched towards [[Constantinople]] for a second time.<ref name="Bury451">{{harvnb|Bury|1958a|loc=p. 451}}.</ref> They captured the suburb of Sycae (modern [[Galata]]) across the [[Golden Horn]] from the city, setting up a camp there. The two ''[[magistri militum |magistri militum praesentalis]]'', Patricius and John, were unwilling to engage their old friend Vitalian, thus [[Anastasius I |Anastasius]] gave command of his forces to the former praetorian prefect of the East, [[Marinus (praetorian prefect)|Marinus]], a trusted and influential aide.<ref name="Bury451"/> Despite his lack of military experience, Marinus defeated the rebel fleet in a battle at the entrance of the Golden Horn; according to the report of [[John Malalas]], this was achieved through the use of a sulphur-based chemical substance invented by the philosopher Proclus of Athens, similar to the later [[Greek fire]]. Marinus then landed with his men on the shore of Sycae and defeated the rebels he found there. Disheartened by the losses suffered, Vitalian and his army fled north under cover of night.<ref>{{harvnb|Bury|1958a|loc=pp. 451–452}}; {{harvnb|Cameron|Ward-Perkins|Whitby|2000|pp=57, 294}}.</ref> As a sign of his victory, Anastasius led a procession to the village of [[Sosthenion]], where Vitalian had established his headquarters, and attended a service of thanks at the famed local church dedicated to the Archangel Michael.<ref name="Bury452">{{harvnb|Bury|1958a|loc=p. 452}}.</ref> |
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==References== |
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| ⚫ | After the collapse of Vitalian's second rebellion, Tarrach was captured. Described as the "fiercest of the Huns", he was tortured and burned at the stake in [[Chalcedon]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Maenchen-Helfen |first1=Otto J. |editor1-last=Knight |editor1-first=Max |title=The World of the Huns Studies in Their History and Culture |date=2022 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520357204 |page=421 |url=https:// |
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==Reference== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==Sources== |
==Sources== |
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{{refbegin|2}} |
{{refbegin|2}} |
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* {{ |
* {{cite book|last=Bury|first=John Bagnell|author-link=J. B. Bury|title=History of the Later Roman Empire: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian, Volume 1|location=Mineola, New York |publisher=Dover Publications |year=1958|orig-year=1923|isbn=0-486-20398-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn3pi1wWBNsC}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Croke|first=Brian|title=The Chronicle of Marcellinus: A Translation and Commentary |location=Sydney|publisher=Australian Association for Byzantine Studies|year=1995|isbn=0-9593626-6-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/chroniclemarcell00crok|url-access=limited |pages=[https://archive.org/details/chroniclemarcell00crok/page/n103 36]–38, 41–42}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Jeffreys|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Jeffreys|first2=Michael|last3=Scott|first3=Roger |title=The Chronicle of John Malalas: A Translation|location=Melbourne|publisher=Australian Association for Byzantine Studies |year=1986|isbn=0959362622|pages=225–227, 231–233}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Mango|first1=Cyril|author1-link=Cyril Mango|last2=Scott|first2=Roger|title=The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor. Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813 |location=Oxford, United Kingdom|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1997|isbn=0-19-822568-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/chronicletheopha00conf|url-access=limited |pages=[https://archive.org/details/chronicletheopha00conf/page/n225 238]–245, 249, 253}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Whitby|first=Michael|year=2000|title=Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius Scholasticus |location=Liverpool|publisher=Liverpool University Press|isbn=0-85323-605-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YP9cuh3KX3wC |pages=193–194, 200–203}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Amory|first=Patrick|title=People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489–554 |location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|orig-year=1997|isbn=0-521-52635-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ndeDi_fwq0C}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Bury|first=John Bagnell|author-link=J. B. Bury|title=History of the Later Roman Empire: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian, Volume 1|location=Mineola, New York |publisher=Dover Publications |year=1958a|orig-year=1923|isbn=0-486-20398-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn3pi1wWBNsC}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Bury|first=John Bagnell|author-link=J. B. Bury|title=History of the Later Roman Empire: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian, Volume 2|location=Mineola, New York |publisher=Dover Publications |year=1958b|orig-year=1923|isbn=0-486-20399-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JxWifqqPtUcC}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Cameron|first=Alan|title=The Death of Vitalian (520 A.D.)|journal=Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik|volume=48|year=1982|pages=93–94|location=Bonn|publisher=Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH |jstor=20183637}} |
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* {{Cambridge Ancient History|volume=14}} |
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* {{Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium|ref={{harvid|ODB}}}} |
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* {{Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire|volume=2}} |
* {{Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire|volume=2}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Ostrogorsky|first=George|author-link=George Ostrogorsky|year=1956|title=History of the Byzantine State|location=Oxford|publisher=Basil Blackwell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Whitby|first1=Michael|last2=Whitby|first2=Mary|title=The History of Theophylact Simocatta|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1986|isbn=978-0-19-822799-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtRfAAAAMAAJ}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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[[Category:Hun military leaders]] |
[[Category:Hun military leaders]] |
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[[Category:Byzantine people of Hunnic descent]] |
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[[Category:6th-century Byzantine military personnel]] |
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[[Category:6th-century executions by the Byzantine Empire]] |
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[[Category:Byzantine torture victims]] |
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[[Category:515 deaths]] |
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Latest revision as of 02:18, 26 April 2023
Tarrach (died 515) was a Hun military officer for the East Roman Empire. He was the assassin of the officer Cyril. Tarrach was credited as the "fiercest of the Huns".[1][2]
Biography
[edit]Otto Maenchen-Helfen listed his name among those of undetermined origin. He noted that, if he was baptized, his original pagan name might have been assimilated to Tarachus, the name of one of the three martyrs of Cappadocia.[2]
The general Vitalian employed him to assassinate Cyril. Cyril was an officer who had been appointed by the Emperor instead of the unpopular Hypatius. Cyril immediately marched to Lower Moesia, but Vitalian sent Tarrach, who successfully assassinated him.[3]
In 515 Vitalian mobilized his army, with Tarrach as one of its officers, and marched towards Constantinople for a second time, but was defeated and retreated north with his troops.[4] After the collapse of Vitalian's second rebellion, Tarrach was captured. Described as the "fiercest of the Huns", he was tortured and burned at the stake in Chalcedon.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Haarer, Fiona K. (2006). Anastasius I. Politics and Empire in the Late Roman World. Francis Cairns. ISBN 9780905205434. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
- ^ a b Maenchen-Helfen, Otto J. "The World of the Huns. Chapter IX. Language". pp. 449–452. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
- ^ Bury 1958, p. 452.
- ^ Bury 1958, pp. 451–452.
- ^ Maenchen-Helfen, Otto J. (2022). Knight, Max (ed.). The World of the Huns Studies in Their History and Culture. University of California Press. p. 421. ISBN 9780520357204. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
Sources
[edit]- Bury, John Bagnell (1958) [1923]. History of the Later Roman Empire: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian, Volume 1. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-20398-0.
- Martindale, John R., ed. (1980). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume II, AD 395–527. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20159-4.