Flammarion (Martian crater): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox crater data |
{{Infobox crater data |
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| titlecolor = #FA8072 |
| titlecolor = #FA8072 |
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| title = Flammarion |
| title = Flammarion |
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| image = FlammarionMartianCrater.jpg |
| image = FlammarionMartianCrater.jpg |
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| caption = Location of Flammarion |
| caption = Location of Flammarion crater |
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| region = [[Syrtis Major quadrangle]] |
| region = [[Syrtis Major quadrangle]] |
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| coordinate_title = [[Mars#Geography|Coordinates]] |
| coordinate_title = [[Mars#Geography|Coordinates]] |
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| eponym = [[Camille Flammarion]] |
| eponym = [[Camille Flammarion]] |
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'''Flammarion''' is an impact crater in the [[Syrtis Major quadrangle]] on Mars at 25.2 ° N and 48.3 ° E. It is 173.0 km in diameter. Its name was approved in 1973, and refers to French astronomer [[Camille Flammarion]].<ref>{{gpn|1973|Flammarion}}</ref> There may have been a lake in the crater in the past because a channel is |
'''Flammarion''' is an impact crater in the [[Syrtis Major quadrangle]] on Mars at 25.2 ° N and 48.3 ° E. It is 173.0 km in diameter. Its name was approved in 1973, and refers to French astronomer [[Camille Flammarion]].<ref>{{gpn|1973|Flammarion}}</ref> There may have been a lake in the crater in the past because a channel is present on the northern rim, and sedimentary layers are present within the crater. |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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Many places on Mars show rocks arranged in layers. Rock can form layers in a variety of ways. Volcanoes, wind, or water can produce layers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/?PSP_008437_1750 |title=High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment |publisher=The University of Arizona |access-date=2012-08-04}}</ref> Sometimes the layers are of different colors. Light-toned rocks on Mars have been associated with hydrated minerals like [[sulfates]]. The [[Mars |
Many places on Mars show rocks arranged in layers. Rock can form layers in a variety of ways. Volcanoes, wind, or water can produce layers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/?PSP_008437_1750 |title=High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment |publisher=The University of Arizona |access-date=2012-08-04}}</ref> Sometimes the layers are of different colors. Light-toned rocks on Mars have been associated with hydrated minerals like [[sulfates]]. The [[Mars rover]] ''[[Opportunity (rover)|Opportunity]]'' examined such layers close-up with several instruments. Some layers are probably made up of fine particles because they seem to break up into fine dust. Other layers break up into large boulders so they are probably much harder. [[Basalt]], a volcanic rock, is thought to be present in the layers that form boulders. Basalt has been identified on Mars in many places. Instruments on orbiting spacecraft have detected [[clay]] (also called [[phyllosilicate]]) in some layers. Recent research with an orbiting near-infrared [[spectrometer]], which reveals the types of minerals present based on the wavelengths of light they absorb, found evidence of layers of both clay and sulfates in many places, especially craters.<ref>Cabrol, N. and E. Grin (eds.). 2010. Lakes on Mars. Elsevier.NY.</ref> This is exactly what would appear if a large lake had slowly evaporated.<ref>Wray, James J., Ralph E. Milliken, Gregg Alan Swayze, Colin M. Dundas, James Bishop, Scott L. Murchie, Frank P. Seelos and Steven W. Squyres. “[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Columbus-Crater-and-Other-Possible-Paleolakes-in-Wray-Milliken/8360455641e752563c97a49997619824a14a89c5 Columbus Crater and Other Possible Paleolakes in Terra Sirenum, Mars].” (2009).</ref> Moreover, since some layers contain [[gypsum]], a sulfate which forms in relatively fresh water, life could have formed in some craters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/11/091125-mars-crater-lake-michigan-water_2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205065541/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/11/091125-mars-crater-lake-michigan-water_2.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 5, 2009 |title=Martian "Lake Michigan" Filled Crater, Minerals Hint |publisher=News.nationalgeographic.com |date=2010-10-28 |access-date=2012-08-04}}</ref> |
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[[File:Wikiflammarion.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Flammarion |
[[File:Wikiflammarion.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Flammarion crater, as seen by CTX. A small channel is visible on the northern wall (top).]][[File:ESP 034351 2055flammarion.jpg|thumb|right|Layers in wall of Flammarion crater, as seen by HiRISE under the [[HiWish program]].]] |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Latest revision as of 18:00, 18 November 2023
 Location of Flammarion crater | |
| Planet | Mars |
|---|---|
| Region | Syrtis Major quadrangle |
| Coordinates | 25°12′N 48°18′E / 25.2°N 48.3°E |
| Quadrangle | Syrtis Major |
| Diameter | 173 km |
| Eponym | Camille Flammarion |
Flammarion is an impact crater in the Syrtis Major quadrangle on Mars at 25.2 ° N and 48.3 ° E. It is 173.0 km in diameter. Its name was approved in 1973, and refers to French astronomer Camille Flammarion.[1] There may have been a lake in the crater in the past because a channel is present on the northern rim, and sedimentary layers are present within the crater.
Description
[edit]Many places on Mars show rocks arranged in layers. Rock can form layers in a variety of ways. Volcanoes, wind, or water can produce layers.[2] Sometimes the layers are of different colors. Light-toned rocks on Mars have been associated with hydrated minerals like sulfates. The Mars rover Opportunity examined such layers close-up with several instruments. Some layers are probably made up of fine particles because they seem to break up into fine dust. Other layers break up into large boulders so they are probably much harder. Basalt, a volcanic rock, is thought to be present in the layers that form boulders. Basalt has been identified on Mars in many places. Instruments on orbiting spacecraft have detected clay (also called phyllosilicate) in some layers. Recent research with an orbiting near-infrared spectrometer, which reveals the types of minerals present based on the wavelengths of light they absorb, found evidence of layers of both clay and sulfates in many places, especially craters.[3] This is exactly what would appear if a large lake had slowly evaporated.[4] Moreover, since some layers contain gypsum, a sulfate which forms in relatively fresh water, life could have formed in some craters.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Flammarion". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
- ^ "High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment". The University of Arizona. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- ^ Cabrol, N. and E. Grin (eds.). 2010. Lakes on Mars. Elsevier.NY.
- ^ Wray, James J., Ralph E. Milliken, Gregg Alan Swayze, Colin M. Dundas, James Bishop, Scott L. Murchie, Frank P. Seelos and Steven W. Squyres. “Columbus Crater and Other Possible Paleolakes in Terra Sirenum, Mars.” (2009).
- ^ "Martian "Lake Michigan" Filled Crater, Minerals Hint". News.nationalgeographic.com. 2010-10-28. Archived from the original on December 5, 2009. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
